WRITERS - JOURNALISTS & REFORMERS

PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS PEN-WIELDING POWER-MONGER:
Storyline: The compelling commentator places himself at the center of the political machinery of his times and proceeds to carve out a unique niche for himself as a clear-voiced molder of public opinion via his mastery of lucid language.
Walter Lippmann (1889-1974) - American journalist. Outer: From a German-Jewish background, grandparents had emigrated to America. Father was a prosperous clothing manufacturer and real estate broker, only child. Enjoyed a privileged upbringing, vacationed in Europe, and was educated at private schools, proving himself to be a superior student throughout his academic career. Also fluent in German and French, and wrote for his school newspaper. While at Harvard, where he was Phi Beta Kappa, he worked as a reporter for the Boston Common and served as a teaching assistant to philosopher George Santayana. Small and slender with a round face. Active politically at school, he was president of the Harvard Socialist Club. After graduating in 3 years, he pursued a journalistic career, doing articles on municipal and corporate corruption for Everybody’s Magazine, under the aegis of Lincoln Steffens (Michael Moore), although broke with him because of the latter’s emotional and religious approach to social problems, when he preferred statistics and cogent analysis. Became executive secretary to the socialist mayor of Schenectady, New York, but resigned after 4 months to write his first book. The following year, he published his next work and became an associate editor of the newly established New Republic in 1914. 3 years later he was appointed assistant to the secretary of war, specializing in labor matters. Married Faye Albertson in his mid-20s, divorced 20 years later, and wed Helen Byrne Armstrong the following year, no children from either union. Made Washington his home base for most of the rest of his life. During WW I, he briefly served at the Western front with military intelligence, then became secretary and White house liaison of the Inquiry Commission which President Woodrow Wilson used for information and recommendations for American peace aims. Helped prepare the official text of 13 of the 14 points that Wilson used during the Versailles peace negotiations following WW I. Became disillusioned with the peace process, however, and rejoined the New Republic, from which he resigned to devote himself to books and articles. Then joined the editorial page staff of the New York World for 9 years, and after its demise, moved to the Herald Tribune in 1931 to become a columnist, calling his column “Today and Tomorrow,” while unconsciously tapping into his yesteryear connection with the paper. Never a particular supporter of the New Deal or Franklin D. Roosevelt, despite his Democratic affiliations, and his liberal leanings. Worked for several conservative NY publications and also voted Republican in 1948 and 1952, although returned to the Democratic fold for the rest of his career. During the mid-60s, he was a biweekly columnist for Newsweek magazine. A member of the National Institute of Arts & Letters, he was a Pulitzer Prize winner in 1962 in a journalistic career that spanned more than 6 decades. Staunchly opposed the Vietnam war during the 1960s. The most powerful political journalist of his time, with access to all the seats of power. Save for Roosevelt, most of the presidents of the first half of the century eagerly sought his counsel. Held in high esteem as a political philosopher through his half-dozen books on the subject. Wrote 21 tomes in all, while moving from early hopeful radicalism to despairing conservatism, ultimately becoming a supporter of Richard Nixon, despite distrusting him. Inner: Bland, imperturbable, with a vast fund of knowledge. Viewed by many as the most important political commentator of the 20th century. Courteous, friendly, humanist, and basically an aristocratic conservative. Able to give order to the chaos of information. Permanent press pass lifetime of being at the center of power via his consummate communication skills, while playing with perceptions, realities and beliefs and how they shape public policy. Horace Greeley (1811-1872) - American journalist. Outer: An omnivorous reader as a child, his mother gave him oral his/stories, ballads and a sense of British tradition, while his father made a scant living farming and doing day labor. His schooling ended at 14, and he was apprenticed to the editor of the Northern Spectator in Vermont for 4 years before moving to NYC in 1831, arriving with $10 in his pocket. Co-founded and edited the New Yorker, a weekly, nonpolitical journal for 7 years. Squeaky-Voiced, with an odd appearance - pink faced with throat whiskers, a caricaturist’s delight. At the same time, he contributed articles to the Daily Whig and began a political association with Whig leaders Thurlow Weed (Walter Cronkite) and William Seward (Howard Cosell), although later came to resent their failure to support his political ambitions. In his mid-20s, he married Mary Chency, a former schoolteacher, 7 children from the union, although only 2 lived to maturity. The losses made his wife neurasthenic, and homelife comfortless. Founded the NY Tribune at the age of 30, which he edited until his death. Used the Tribune for championing a variety of educational and social reforms. Under him, the paper set high intellectual and news-gathering standards and greatly expanded its circulation, making him an extremely important sociopolitical figure in both the urban and rural North, where his opinions were held in high regard. Bought a farm north of NY where he could put into practice his agricultural theories. Made a number of unsuccessful tries for political office, on both the state and national levels, and also alienated both Weed and Seward through his political maneuvering. During the Civil War, he took a dual anti-slavery, anti-war stance, engaging in futile peace negotiations with Confederate representatives in Canada. Favored a conciliatory policy with the South afterwards, and garnered much criticism for signing former Confederacy president Jefferson Davis’s (Lyndon Johnson) bail bond. In 1872, he accepted the presidential nomination of the Liberal Republican and Democratic parties on a platform calling for universal amnesty and civil service reform, but was turned into a figure of ridicule and contempt by the campaign. Decisively defeated by Ulysses S. Grant (Omar Bradley). At life’s end, his wife died, and he lost his editorship of the Tribune when it passed into different hands. His body and mind broken, he told friends he was a fraud, feeling he had ultimately betrayed himself. His last words were, “Now, mind. When I was born I died, and when I died I was born.” Inner: Eccentric manner, cared little for money, but a great deal about power, particularly the potency of his own opinions. Saw self-invention as his life’s theme. Power-mongering lifetime of being at the center of the political issues of his time, through his ongoing mastery of mass communications, before disappearing into himself when his pen was no longer a provocative sword. Joseph Addison (1672-1719) - English writer and statesman. Outer: Father was a well-known divine, who wrote theological and devotional works. Mother died when he was 14. Met Richard Steele (George Bernard Shaw), at Charterhouse School, and the duo became lifelong companions. Went to Queen’s College, Oxford and received an MA from Magadalen. Became a fellow of the college for 13 years and distinguished himself as a classical scholar. Granted a pension in his late 20s to qualify him for diplomatic service by foreign travel, and wrote on his travels to Italy. A member of the influential Kit-Cat Club, and close friends with numerous well-known writers. Under-secretary of state, then secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, and was also a member of Parliament as a Whig from 1708 until his death. Contributed to Steele’s Tatler, then co-edited The Spectator with him. His enduring fame came from his political essays, which raised that form to a new level. His orderly, simple, precise writing style importuned moderation, reason and harmony. Wrote several plays as well as numerous political commentary. Regained his old secretaryship, married a dowager countess whose son had been his protege, towards the end of his life, although the union was unhappy. One daughter from union who lived to advanced age but was mentally deficient. Became secretary of State for a year before resigning. Retired in failing health, had a falling out with Steele, and died soon afterwards. Inner: Moderate rationalist, with an instinct for power, and excellent powers of communication. Reticent, shy, not given to displays of emotion. Cold, arrogant. Bridge lifetime of bringing his communication and political skills to the English language and system, and leaving a written legacy unsurpassed in its clarity and style. Francesco Guicciardini (1483-1540) - Italian statesman, diplomat and his/storian. Outer: From an aristocratic Florentine family. Studied civil law, then married well in his mid-20s. Opened a law practice, wrote his family memoirs, and served as an ambassador to the Spanish court. Worked closely with the de’ Medici family, as his family had before him. After several more posts, in his mid-30s, he was appointed governor and then commissioner-general of the papal army under the auspices of papacy, which he served for nearly 2 decades. Had excellent administrative skills, although he was ruthless in carrying out his own will. Wrote extensively on political matters, as well as 2 his/stories of Florence. Although condemned as a rebel, the influence of the papacy saved his position. Close friend of Niccolo Machiavelli (George Bernard Shaw), with whom he shared many skills and traits. More posts followed, as well as an impressive his/story of Italy, his crowning achievement, although his greater ambitions were curtailed. His last years were spent alone and forgotten. Inner: Both a maker and recorder of his/story, with a central involvement in the events of his time. Highly ambitious and active, with equal talents at rule and exposition. Dual lifetime of enjoying the power of the pen and the power of sheer power.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS DISTURBER OF THE PEACE:
Storyline: The inconstant iconoclast aggressively pushes his conservative values in highly mercurial fashion in an ongoing assault on his perceived enemies, disregarding both life and limb in his self-appointed role as guardian of the public weal.
Henry Louis Mencken (1880-1956) - American journalist. Outer: Of German descent. Father owned a cigar factory. Enjoyed a comfortable bourgeois upbringing, and spent 67 of his 75 years in his childhood home, in a sense never leaving it on several levels, since most of his views were forged early in life and never changed. Adored by his mother, and spoiled as a child. Educated at private schools, then Baltimore Polytechnic, although his formal education ended at 15. His social views were largely formed in his youth, seeing his native city and Germany as social ideals. Worked in his father’s factory until his progenitor died, then became a police reporter for the Baltimore Morning Herald, rose to city editor, and then managing editor of the Evening Sun, before joining the staff of the Baltimore Sun, the paper with which he would be associated for the rest of his career in various capacities. Married a sickly writer, Sara Hardt, who died 5 years later, and was largely a faithless husband, despite a deep love for his wife. Became literary critic for the Smart Set magazine, and then served as coeditor of that magazine from his mid-30s to his early 40s, along with drama critic George Jean Nathan. In 1924, the duo left to found the American Mercury with financial backing from publisher Alfred A. Knopf. An annum later, he became sole editor for the next 8 years. During the 1920s, he was also contributing editor to the Nation. Published the "American Language" in 1919, studying the national vernacular, which gained worldwide recognition as an impressive work of amateur philological scholarship. For many years, he issued annual collections of his best articles and polemical essays, while championing the naturalistic writers of his time. Later turned to autobiography, producing 3 volumes of reminiscenes. During the first half of the 1920s, he was the most powerful literary and social critic in America. Published more than 30 books, and contributed to scores of others, while writing, at his peak, an average of 10,000 words a week for publication. Attacked popular authors and tastes, coining the phrases, “No one ever went broke underestimating the American taste,” and “booboisie.” Highly controversial and highly opiinionated, although his influence declined in the 1930s, when he attacked the New Deal. After a lifetime of misogyny, he surprised his friends in 1930, when he married a sickly writer, Sara Haardt, who died of tuberculosis 5 years later. Largely a faithless husband, despite a genuine love for his wife. Following her death, he lived with his bachelor brother. The latter part of his life was spent in virtual fretful retirement, as the world passed him by, and, in an irony even he would find abrasive, he was adopted by reactionary forces, despite his lifelong commitment to freedom of expression and thought. Suffered a massive stroke in 1948 and could no longer read or write for the last 8 years of his life. Inner: Abrasive, beguiling, witty, well-read, autodidact unusually attuned to language. Also selfish, small-minded, a Germanic nationalist with little patience for sentimentality or humanitarian sensibilities. Saw his mission as a vituperative critic, cleansing America of its false heroes and ideals. Misanthropic, had no sympathy for the poor. Agnostic, taking the position of the managerial class. Liked to work on several books simultaneously, and was always scrupulous about answering letters. Publicly confrontational and unafraid, but privately, particularly towards life’s end, anxious about everything. Scabrous scold lifetime of being a deliberate and provocative disturber of the peace, until finally becoming undone by growing old rather than growing up. William Cobbett (1763-1835) - English journalist and reformer. Outer: Son of a farm laborer, self-educated. Ran away from home at 14 and joined the army. Resigned to expose abuses, but when he couldn’t prove his accusations, he was forced to flee to France to escape a suit, and then decided to emigrate to Philadelphia. In his late 20s, he married Anne Reid, a servant to whom he had given money, and the duo had a long and happy union. 6’1”, very sturdy rustic with the heart of a peasant. Became a bookseller and pamphlet publisher, praising the monarchy and aristocratic government in his Porcupine’s Gazette, but his anti-French stance won the enmity of the Jeffersonians. Prosecuted for libel by Benjamin Rush (Benjamin Spock), and went back to London at the turn of century. An active Tory patriot and journalist, but after the French threat had passed, he became a radical, with a strong interest in the workingclass. Fined and imprisoned for 2 years for his attacks on flogging. Farmed for 13 years in Hampshire, but severe debt and anti-radical legislation caused him to flee to America for 2 years, before returning to England. Failed in his first attempt to gain a seat in Parliament, and finally succeeded near the end of his life on the passage of the Reform Act. Wrote on grammar, economics, and the rural worker, editing his own journal Cobbett’s Weekly Political Register for the last 3 decades of his life, which had an enormous effect on reform, and was a great workingclass favorite. Died of a throat inflammation. Inner: Born teacher and reformer. Vain, self-confident, industrious, hard-headed and opinionated. Loved to fight for a good fight’s sake. Prickly porcupine lifetime of strong principled stances, radically upholding conservative views, and conservatively holding radical views, while expanding his own abilities as a disturber of the peace. William Prynne (1600-1669) - English pamphleteer. Outer: Father was a farmer. Educated at Oriel College, Oxford, where he studied law, theology and ecclesiastical antiquities, and became a barrister. An aggressive Puritan, with a desire to reform the manners of his age. Published a diatribe against the stage, and was fined and sentenced to the Tower of London in 1634 for aspersions cast upon the royal family. Both his ears were partially cut off in the pillory. Continued writing while in prison, and was sentenced to life there. After he had his ears sewed back on, he was brought up in front of the same court in 1637, for a pamphlet he had published during his incarceration. Had the rest of his ears lopped off, was given a further fine, and branded on the cheeks with an SL for seditious libeler. After 6 years, the sentences were declared illegal and he was freed. Pursued Archbishop of Canterbury William Laud (William F. Buckley) with a vengeance for imprisoning him, and the cleric was finally executed. Attacked other Protestant denominations, while strongly defending the parliamentary cause during the English Civil War. Wrote nearly 200 books and pamphlets, as a continual voice of conservative moral order. Elected to Parliament, but opposed the execution of Charles I (George V), and was purged. Began a paper war against the government, and was imprisoned for 3 years without trial for refusing to pay taxes. Released, and forced his way into the House of Commons, which could only get rid of him by adjourning. Readmitted, he asserted the rights of Charles II (Peter O’Toole) at the beginning of the Restoration, and was thanked by him, and became a member of Parliament once again. Continued his puritanical and royalist diatribes, and ended his contentious career as keeper of the records of the Tower of London. Inner: Puritanical, aggressively conservative, with absolutely no inhibitions about speaking his mind. Narrow, bigoted, fierce, self-righteous and fanatical. Contentious lifetime of suffering disfigurement for his beliefs, but adhering to them anyway, allowing himself to be defaced as an emblem of his willingness to face any consequences for his actions.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS HONORABLE NEWSMAN:
Storyline: The influential insider wrestles with his principled conscience as a primary purveyor of all the news that’s fit to print because of his unusual access to power and his equal need to serve both country and truth, in recording the state of the state.
James Reston (1909-1995) - Scottish-American journalist. Outer: Father was a Scottish machinist, raised in poverty. Parents were strict Presbyterians, and son originally wanted to be a minister. Family moved to Ohio when he was 11. Worked as a caddy to supplement the family income and won the Ohio Public Links championship twice, as well as the state high school championship. Grew up with middle American sensibilities, and had dreams of becoming a professional golfer. Known as “Scotty.” Worked for a year at Delco’s where his father was employed. Entered the journalism program at the Univ. of Illinois, where he was an undistinguished student and member of the golf team, then became a sportswriter with a Springfield, Ohio paper. Worked for the publicity department for Ohio State, followed by a stint as a publicist for baseball’s Cincinnati Reds, where he fancied himself a talent scout. Married Sarah Fulton, the daughter of a lawyer who later became chief justice on the Illinois Supreme Court, in his mid-20s, 3 sons. Joined the Associated Press feature service, and was sent to London in 1937. Hired by the NY Times for its London bureau 2 years later. Came back to NYC in 1943, and became the Washington correspondent for the NY Times during a 50 year career with that paper. For 20 years, he was most influential print journalist in America, thanks to the trust he engendered with Washington insiders, and the access he achieved because of it. Became executive editor of the Times in 1968 and moved back to NYC, but got bored with managerial duties and gave the job away. Bought a weekly newspaper, Vineyard Gazette, in 1968, and ran it with his wife. Vice-president, consultant to and director of NY Times & Company. Extremely well-connected, often the voice of officialdom. Helped originate an analytic approach to news, rather than mere reportage of facts, and became a father figure to a generation of newspaper clerks, although felt in later life that his reputation had been tarnished by being too much of an insider, as his judgement clouded and he fell victim to manipulation. Died of cancer. Inner: Shrewd, charming, sweet-tempered, modest, dignified, patriotic, honorable, honest. Jeffersonian Democrat and family man with traditional values. Often forced to wrestle with his conscience about withholding information. Insider lifetime of bringing his sense of honor and integrity to 20th century journalism, despite later questions as to his overly intimate connection with power. James Gordon Bennett (1795-1872) - Scottish/American journalist. Outer: Father was a Roman Catholic farmer. Entered a Catholic seminary at 15 to train for the priesthood but left after 4 years, then spent the next 5 years reading and traveling, while supported by his family. Tall, broad-shouldered and florid. Emigrated to Nova Scotia on an impulse, then came to America in his mid-20s and won a reputation as a Washington journalist for various New York papers. At the age of 40, he launched the New York Herald, operating initially out of a Wall Street cellar, and on an investment of $500. The 4-column paper proved a success, and he became a highly influential editor and publisher. His innovations made the Herald unique, including critiquing both political parties in his editorials, rather than favoring one, as most papers did. Also reported on Wall Street finance, established European correspondents, used the telegraph for news stories, and illustrated the news as well. In his mid-40s, he married Henrietta Crean, a recent Irish immigrant, 3 children from the union including James Gordon Bennett, Jr. (Ted Turner). Although initially dependent on sensationalism, the Herald soon became a reputable paper, thanks to the Civil War and his scores of correspondents and big budget for them. Lived in increasing luxury towards life’s end. Suffered a convulsive seizure with epileptic symptoms and died from it. Inner: Modest in private, albeit full of himself in public. Emigre lifetime of creating a standard for American journalism, while allowing his own sense of personal power far freer reign than in earlier and later lives in this series. John Peter Zenger (1697-1746) - German/American journalist. Outer: Parents names unknown. Emigrated to the U.S. in his early teens, and was trained as a printer. Married Mary White in his early 20s, one son from the union, but his wife died soon afterwards. Remarried in his mid-20s, to Anna Maulin, a German native, 5 surviving children from the 2nd union. Began publication of the weekly NY Journal in 1733, in competition with William Bradford and critical of the colonial governor, attacking his administration. Although most of the articles were written by his prominent backers, he took legal responsibility for them and was arrested on libel charges and imprisoned. In the trial that followed, he was defended by Alexander Hamilton (John F. Kennedy), and was acquitted, striking a blow for truth in journalism that would set an American precedent. Later became public printer for the colonies of NY and New Jersey. Died in poverty but his paper was continued by his widow. Inner: Honest, principled. Precedent-setting lifetime of dealing with freedom of the press as a major issue, holding firm to his beliefs, and ultimately triumphing on principle if not principal.

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PATHWAY OF THE REFORMER AS SEMINAL FEMINIST:
Storyline: The Pandora boxer gives philosophic foundation to the ongoing woman’s movement, but cannot get past her own combative warrior sensibilities and winds up boxed out, despite her considerable multi-life contributions to her cause.
Betty Friedan (Betty Goldstein) (1921-2006) - American writer and reformer. Outer: Father was a Russian Jewish immigrant who parlayed a fly-by-night collar button business into a prosperous jewelry store. Mother gave up a journalistic career for marriage, and became cold, critical and imperious to mask her bitterness at having to abandon the work she loved. The former adored her and encouraged the development of her political consciousness, although had later difficulty in dealing with her as a woman, while her fashion-conscious mother found her brassy ways an embarrassment. Oldest of 3. Her sire never earned enough money to satisfy her material mother. Discovered herself at college, where she was a muckraking editor of the school newspaper at Smith College, and also the star of the psychology department. Graduated summa cum laude and became a research fellow at the Univ. of California in Berkeley, but turned down a prestigious fellowship, dropped out of school and moved to NYC in a desire to fight more directly for social justice. Over the next decade, she worked for a left-wing news service and then a union newspaper, while acting as a community organizer, although eventually she felt sore oppressed by her female status in the male-oriented socialist community. Later downplayed that aspect of her life for fear of repercussions, while abandoning her Marxist rhetoric for gynepsychology. In her mid-20s, she married Carl Friedan, a theatrical producer, raised 3 children, and wrote for various women’s magazines, although her union was fraught with fights and abuse. Took a survey of 200 of her fellow classmates at Smith in 1957, 15 years after graduation, and discovered a universal dissatisfaction among them. 3 years later she published an article about “the problem that has no name,” in Good Housekeeping which led her to write her seminal work, The Feminine Mystique, after reaction to the article showed that the malaise she had discovered among her classmates was spread out among middle-class female society-at-large. Although shunned as an apostate by her neighbors, she became an instant celebrity after the publication of her book. Fame ended her marriage and she became a spokeswoman for the confining role of women in society due to a host of forces, including advertising, women’s magazines and the media, that relegated them to subordinate roles as caretakers and appendages while stifling their larger inherent creativity. Although her audience was college-educated suburban housewives, it provided a base for a much larger segment of the female population to claim their power in society. Continued writing articles and lecturing, and in 1966 she founded the National Organization of Women (NOW) serving as its first president. Her high-handed ways, including discriminating against lesbians and treating those who worked closest with her as maids, made her departure from its top rung inevitable 4 years later. Officially divorced, she helped organize a Women’s Strike for Equality in August of 1970 which came to be celebrated each year. In 1981, she angered her cohorts by decrying the overworked superwomen that the movement had created. Later in her career, she took on the problem of aging and women’s economic issues, while experimenting with alternate lifestyles, such as communal living. Ultimately became a visiting professor at Cornell. Later revelations showed she was a committed radical activist from her youth, before retreating to the suburbs in the face of McCarthyism, rather than the ‘sleeping beauty’ image she projected about suddenly waking up to her own sense of mystique. Despite her considerable accomplishments, she was later written off as focusing far too much on middle-class white women, at the expense of minorities and same-sexers. Published a memoir, Life So Far, in 2000, inadvertantly underlining her many dualities. Spent her latter years with her children, and died on her 85th birthday of congestive heart failure, a month after her ex-husband. Inner: Highly intelligent and articulate with a great zeal for reforming society’s imbalances, but also with a queenly sense of her own power. Brainy, abrasive, thin-skinned and subject to screaming fits of temperament. Mystique and mistake-laden lifetime of pinpointing the isolation of women in their homes as second-class citizens and opening a Pandora’s Box that went well past her initial modest goals to open up the possibilities of a fully integrated society. Elizabeth Cady Stanton (1815-1902) - American reformer. Outer: 3rd of 5 daughters of a lawyer, who was a state assemblyman and congressman, as well as a socially conservative Scotch Presbyterian. As a girl, she had her obvious talents dismissed because there was no place in society for an assertive, intelligent woman. Terrified by a revivalist as a schoolgirl, she had antipathy towards organized religion forever afterwards. Her father was deeply dissatisfied with having only one son, and took numerous surrogate sons into his office. Attended Troy Female Seminary, and briefly studied law with her progenitor, but soon became interested in reform, particularly with regards to property and custody rights of women. Had an intense relationship with her brother-in-law, then, in her mid-20s, married Henry Brewster Stanton, a prominent abolitionist, over the objections of her sire, 7 children from union, including activist Harriet Stanton Blatch. Her husband turned out to be far more of an idealist than breadwinner, and was often away from home, leaving her to raise her children alone, and depend upon her wealthy family for finances. Attended the London world anti-slavery convention of 1840, but was denied recognition because of her gender. Worked for both abolition and temperance in succeeding years. After moving to Seneca Falls, NY, she helped convene an herstoric women’s rights convention in 1848, with Lucretia Mott (Alice Paul) which launched the women’s rights movement in the United States. 3 years later, she met Susan B. Anthony (Susan Brownmiller), and the two worked in close tandem as the most effective feminists of their day, as she played the bomb tossing philosopher to Anthony’s pragmatic strategist. Together they convened several societies and conventions, including the New York State Suffrage Society, of which she was the first president. Although a pacifist, she supported the Union in the Civil War, feeling militarism was necessary to end slavery. In 1862, she left Seneca Falls for NYC. Felt her life began after her domestic duties were over, taking a radical stand on marriage and its entrapment of women, which alienated liberal elements that wanted the movement limited to education, work and suffrage. After the war, she became deeply involved in the suffrage movement, founding The Revolution, a weekly periodically devoted to women’s suffrage, although she took the temporary stance that giving African-American males the vote endangered white woman. The following year she was chosen first president of the National Woman Suffrage Association, and spent the next several years lobbying for a constitutional amendment. Also lectured extensively on family life and child rearing, although Anthony felt her added issues were distractions from her main goal of getting the vote. In 1888, she organized the International Council of Women in Washington. Lessened her workload in 1880, making her last countrywide lecture tour, and during the decade, lived with her various children, including several who were in Europe at the time, before returning home to take care of her dying husband, who died in 1887, before returning to England. When the National and American Woman Suffrage associations merged in 1890, she was elected first president. Also a very prolific writer, she produced the first 3 volumes of the History of Woman Suffrage along with Susan B., as well as the Woman’s Bible, a feminist version of the patriarchal good book, that underscored Christianity’s subordination of women, and was the product of some 30 female collaborators, all upper middle-class Protestants, scouring the text for slights against the second sex. Penned her autobiography at life’s near-end. Ultimately bedridden because of her 240 lb. bulk, and a few months before her death at home from heart failure began plans for an expurgated Bible, although did not live long enough to realize its creation. Inner: Radical reformer, able speaker, ironic, forceful and occasionally elegant writer. Condemned prudery and religiosity and everything else that tied women to their traditional suppressed roles. Found the political rhetoric of the suffrage movement largely insufferable. Stanton and deliver lifetime as a dynamic organizer, agitator and spokeswoman for female emancipation, grounding all the themes she would continue to explore in the next century as well, while working from a far more aggressive, and far less compromising perspective. William Godwin (1756-1836) - English writer. Outer: Father was a dissenting Presbyterian minister. 7th of 13 children. Reared as an extreme Puritan, and was extremely narrow and bigoted while growing up. Contracted smallpox and refused to be vaccinated, growing up weak, introverted and highly precocious. Small, with a thin face, large nose and blue eyes.Taken to London by his mother after his father died. A Calvinist materialist, he spent his school-time talking on metaphysical subjects rather than studying. Became a minister in his youth, although was plagued by religious doubts, and proved unpopular wherever he went, changing charges often. Fell out completely with his last congregation and in 1783, he returned to London to pursue a literary career, while progressing through deism, agnosticism, and atheism all way to a vague theism. Made a precarious living, dropped his reverend title and broke with his family. Tried to start a small school, although it failed, and began contributing to political journals. Associated with a number of radical societies, but took care never to join any of them. His first noted work, Poetical Justice, published in the wake of the French Revolution, brought him a measure of fame, as he decried property rites, marriage rites and blood ties. A popular novel followed, which further explored his ideas and ideals. Despite feeling that marriage was an unfair monopoly, after over 3 and 1/2 decades as a bachelor, in 1797, he married Mary Wollstonecraft (Margaret Sanger) when she was pregnant, fearing another child would doom her. The relationship was built on mutual esteem and love. After adopting her daughter Fanny (Dora Carrington), she later died after giving birth to Mary Shelley (Lynda Barry). Looked around desperately afterwards for a mother for his children. After many rejections, several years later, he repeated the pattern with a pregnant paramour with 2 children, although his 2nd wife was a shrew. Subsequently, he was forced to struggle to raise his 2 children and her 3. Thought humans were guided by reason and could ultimately live in harmony without the laws of institutions, although modified his views more and more as he grew older. Wrote several novels, as well as a warts’n’all biography of his wife, which fed into the suicide of his stepdaughter, Fanny. Constantly borrowing from friends and accepting charity from a wealthy family. Opened a child’s bookstore under a false name, and wrote many of the books with his wife anonymously. His debts, however, continued piling up, until the advantageous arrival of poet Percy Bysshe Shelley (Tim Buckley), at their door, who came because of Poetical Justice, and conveniently had an inheritance at his disposal. The latter soon left, however, with his daughter Mary, much to his horror and chagrin, and, despite his liberal views, he adamantly opposed their subsequent marriage, then later reconciled with them, all the while both reviling and requesting large sums of money from his son-in-law. His stepson died at 29, after a brief literary career. Engaged in numerous literary quarrels, and went bankrupt in 1816. Two years after his stepdaughter killed herself, he suffered a paralytic stroke. Continued writing, and was eventually made a yeoman usher of the exchequer, a sinecure he held until his death. Best remembered as a guru of the romantic poets, and by the time of his passing, was a mostly forgotten figure, having spent a long anti-climax since his hey day in the 1790s. Inner: Pompous, hollow, professional optimist, self-centered and overbearing, although his views softened later in life. Also genuinely kind and a hard worker. Without emotion or genuine idealism. Much preferred talk and discussion to action, while championing individual rights against coercive institutions. Stilted lifetime of having to work through the misinformation of his childhood, to recreate himself as a more tolerant and open adult, before switching genders to better integrate him/herself around personal self-realization.

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PATHWAY OF THE REFORMER AS SEMINAL FEMINIST:
Storyline: The indomitable activist thoroughly identifies with the cause of female emancipation, and after rooting around in its tertiary stage, goes back to the beginning to become the driving force behind its inception, to try to free her gender before probably taking on the equally difficult task of ultimately freeing herself in lives future.
Susan B. Anthony Susan Brownell Anthony) (1820-1906) - American reformer and organizer. Outer: All the women in her family were extremely strong-minded in a group atmosphere of independence and moral zeal. Father was a pioneer cotton manufacturer who lived to his 90s. Precocious, could read and write at 3. Raised a Quaker, and originally taught at home before being educated at a Quaker school in Philadelphia that her sire ran for his and his neighbors’ children. From the age of 17, she taught at several academies and headed the Female Department of the Canajohairie Academy for 3 years in her late 20s, before leaving teaching in her early 30s to work for the temperance movement in Rochester. Of medium height, with hazel eyes and dark hair which she always wore bound in a coil. For the rest of her life, she traveled extensively and shook up the bastions of male power, including marriage, which she felt was unfairly unequal. While a delegate to the 1852 Sons of Temperance meeting in Albany, she was sexually discriminated against and began her career as the 19th century America’s foremost feminist. Organized the Woman’s State Temperance Society of New York later that year, then served as an agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society, and was also active in teachers’ organizations, urging equal pay for women teachers. Just prior to the Civil War, she worked for the passage of a New York law giving her gender equal property rights. During the Civil War, she organized the Women’s National Loyal League for the emancipation of slaves. After the war, she focused on the woman’s suffrage movement. Urged that a woman’s right to vote be part of the 14th Amendment, which gave all males universal suffrage, and also published a women’s rights periodical, The Revolution. Worked in close concert with associate Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Betty Friedan), whom she had met at age 30 organizing the National Woman Suffrage Association, while serving as chairwoman of its executive committee. The duo had a close physical relationship and a strong mutual love, although were not always in agreement, since she allowed for no distractions from other issues in her single-minded focus. Arrested for registering to vote in Rochester 3 years later. Fined $100 but refused to pay, and it was never collected. Active in London under the same auspices in the 1880s after her first trip to Europe. When the National and American Woman Suffrage associations merged in 1890, she became vice-president and then succeeded Stanton as president, serving for 8 years in that post. Created the International Woman Suffrage Alliance in Berlin after the turn of the century, and along with other feminists, edited the 4 volume herstory, The History of Woman Suffrage. Suffered her last half dozen years from valvular heart trouble. Her last message was, “Failure is impossible,” before dying of heart disease and pneumonia of both lungs. Inner: Straitlaced, prudish and pragmatic, but also witty and tolerant. Paid careful attention to her dress, and felt appearance was important. Indomitable spirit, great strength, unstoppable energy, with dignity and infinite patience. Uberfeminist lifetime of totally identifying with a cause, gaining great strength from it, and coming to embody the rise of women as a potent political and social force. Susan Brownmiller (Susan Brown) (1935) - American writer and reformer. Outer: Mother was a secretary who gave her daughter, an only child, a strong sense of independence. Father was a clothing salesman. Well aware from an early age that she shared birthdays with Susan B. Anthony, a life she has yet to live out. Originally wanted to be a lawyer. Radicalized at Cornell Univ., she joined the incipient peace movement there, then left without a degree to pursue an acting career in New York, although she eventually found herself not suited for the theater. Changed her name to Brownmiller, loosely reflecting a character she admired, named Winemiller. Searched for radical causes to appease her strong sense of injustice in the 1950s and 1960s, went to Jefferson school, and studied with Marxist his/storian Herbert Aptheker. Served as a civil rights worker in Mississippi for 2 summers, then turned to writing as a means of expression and became a journalist. Worked as a reporter for a TV station in Philadelphia, then as a staff writer for ABC, but quit because she couldn’t get on camera. Became a staff writer for the Village Voice, as well as a freelance writer, covering activist causes. Helped found NY Radical Feminists in 1960, and with the sentiment, “Sisterhood is powerful,” found her niche in feminism, where she was finally able to channel her rage. Became nationally known through Against Our Will: Men, Women and Rape, published when she was 40. An organizer of Women Against Pornography, she has continued to be politically active, and a voice for justice as she sees it. In addition to articles and books, she has also written one novel about child abuse. Teaches gender studies at Pace Univ. in NYC. Inner: Despite her aggressive stance, the femininity part of the feminist equation is extremely important to her. Activist lifetime of redefining herself through a thorough identification with the ongoing cause of women’s rights, while preparing herself for a seminal role in its incipient stages in 19th century America by participating in its later ramifications.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS PUN-PRONE PUNDIT:
Storyline: The alliteration-loving logophile brings his special brand of wit to his mutual love of philology and power and finds an effective middle-ground twixt the two.
William Safire (William Safir) (1929-2009) - American journalist and philologist. Outer: Of jewish descent. Father owned a thread-making factory. Youngest of 3 sons. The family moved to Bristol, Virginia when he was 6 months. Grew up in a Democratic household, and was imbued early with a fascination for language. The factory closed in 1933, and the following year his sire died of lung cancer. The family lived off his progenitor’s small annuity, while it moved back and forth between the two coasts. Won a Regent’s scholarship to Syracuse Univ., but dropped out after his sophomore year to work as a legman for NY Republican powerhouse and columnist Tex McCrary, who converted him to his brand of conservative politics. Involved in the Eisenhower presidential campaign in 1952, which introduced TV as a political tool, and saw his own future as a broadsworded wordsmith. Served in the army for two years between 1952 and 1954, during which time he was a reporter for the Armed Forces Network. Formed his own company in 1961, Safire Public Relations, and soon was involved with the heavyweights of the Republican party, eventually tying himself to the rollercoaster career of Richard Nixon. Sold his business when Nixon became president in 1968, and served as a special assistant and speechwriter, coining alliterative phrases for the tandem of Nixon and Agnew, after earlier helping to stage the kitchen debate between the then vice-president and Soviet premier Nikita Khruschev in 1959. At 33, he married Helene Julius, a British model and pianist who became a jewelry designer, son and daughter from the union. Returned to private life just before the Watergate downfall of his mentor, after discovering that Nixon had him wiretapped, and became an op-ed editor for the NY Times in 1973, doing a twice weekly political column from its Washington bureau, and a Sunday column on word usage and derivations. Despite being viewed as a conservative paraiah by liberals, via his contumely at fellow practitioners of his trade as “nattering nabobs of negativism,” and “hopeless, hysterical hypochondriacs of history,” he maintained his sharp-tongued voice over the next 3 decades, occasionally making news himself, when President Bill Clinton, for whom he voted in 1992, threatened to punch him out for unkind comments about his wife. Wrote more than a dozen books on politics and language, several anthologies, and 4 novels, including the best-seller, “Full Disclosure,” an assassination attempt fantasy in which the president is blinded. Won a Pulitzer prize in 1978, for lancing the White House budget director, Bert Lance, over financial improprieties, although later became friends with him. Also served on the board that awarded the prizes from 1995 to 2004. Announced his retirement from the daily trenches in 2005, although continued his amusing Sunday musings on word and phrase roots in the popular American lexicon. Also stepped up to chief executive of the Dana Foundation, a philanthropic organization dedicated to brain research and immunology, after serving for 4 years as its chairman. Died at a hospice of pancreatic cancer. Inner: Self-described libertarian conservative. Charming, witty, literate, with strong convictions, and a leviathan love for the sheer beauty of the English language. Great loyalty to old friends, despite their failings. Lexiconservative lifetime of playing with the language of power and the power of language, for the edification of one and all. Thomas Cobb (1823-1862) - American writer and lawyer. Outer: Family was wealthy and socially and politically prominent, with a long tradition of public service. Father was a cotton planter. Younger brother of politician Howell Cobb (Barry Goldwater). Grew up in a cultured milieu and followed his sibling to the Univ. of Georgia. Became a lawyer, winning an influential reputation as an advocate and constitutional counselor. Edited 20 volumes as a Supreme Court reporter for 9 years. Codified the laws of Georgia, while acting as regular contributor to newspapers in Georgia and the North. Married Marion Lumpkin, the daughter of the Chief Justice of the Georgia Supreme Court, 3 daughters from union reached maturity. Wrote 2 books on slavery. After the election of Abraham Lincoln (Dietrich Bonhoeffer) to the presidency in 1860, he advocated secession from the union in an address to the General Assembly of Georgia and proved an eloquent and powerful force in that direction. Although the legislature demurred, he began a crusade for secession. Elected to a special session and was made chairman of a committee to revise the constitution of Georgia. Both he and his brother were subsequently elected to represent Georgia in the convention of seceding states. Received a commission as colonel in the Confederate army during the Civil War, and ultimately was promoted to brigadier general but was killed at Fredericksburg. Inner: Activist, highly persuasive and articulate. Pen and sword lifetime of focusing on a specific cause from a position of inherited power, while continuing his pathway as an information compiler and library-loving libertarian. John Horne Tooke (John Horne) (1736-1812) - English politician and philologist. Outer: From a respectable middle-class family. Father was a prosperous poulterer, 3rd of 7 children, and the youngest son. Mother was extremely benevolent, while his sire was both principled and independent. Evinced remarkable maturity as a youth, with little interest in sports or games. Educated at Eton, where he was elected king’s scholar, while pursuing his own self-education through his own selected reading. Lost the sight in his right eye, after a fight with a fellow student. Athletic, with a high forehead and brown hair. Had tutors to prepare him for St. John’s College, Cambridge where he was admitted as a sizar. His sire, who was a devout member of the Church of England, insisted he enter the ministry, and he was ordained a deacon in 1759, despite an avowed interest in law and politics. After being given a curate in Kent, he came down with an attack of ague, which gave him excuse to resign, but in 1760, he was ordained a priest and his father purchased a living for him in New Brentford. Showed himself to be anti-Catholic and anti-dissenter, and conducted himself well, despite a half-hearted response to his calling. Studied medicine, but was also not adverse to card-playing and backgammon which drew criticism and questions around the depth of his spirituality by his parishioners. In 1763, he became a traveling companion to the son of en eccentric MP, and spent a year in France, learning the language. Despite being promised the post of king’s chaplain, he became a strong supporter of radical John Wilkes (Aneuran Bevan), which allowed his own inner provocateur to flourish via pamphlets, although he eventually lost respect for him. Continued as a traveling companion, while abandoning his clerical dress, and went on to both France and Italy, while meeting some of the heavy hitters of the day in the literary and philosophic realm, including Voltaire (Michel Foucault) and Adam Smith (John Maynard Keynes). When the government refused the elected Wilkes a seat following the 1768 election, he became far more of an activist and judicial gadfly, articulating his grievances in a number of speeches, articles, debates, pamphlets and suits, although the duo eventually parted ways during the next decade, and he founded the Constitutional Society for Parliamentary reform to support the American colonists, who were preparing for revolution. A popular, if controversial figure, he enjoyed female companionship, but was extremely skittish about marriage, remaining a lifelong bachelor, despite 3 illegitimate children. Harbored a bowel problem his entire life, which also may have curtailed intimacies. In 1773, he resigned his clerical post, and went back to the study of law, as well as his hobby of philology. Imprisoned for a year for libelously raising funds to help American victims during the early skirmishes of the Revolutionary War, despite seeing Americans as “an inferior caste.” Contracted gaol fever, and began drinking claret as a cure, and as a result suffered from gout for the rest of his life. Did philological work during his loose imprisonment, and laid the groundwork for his major work in that field, Epea Pteroenta, which quickly became outdated the following century. Released after serving 8 months of his sentence, and then was repeatedly rejected over the next two decades for admission to the bar, which perturbed him no end. Continued to remain active in political and intellectual circles. Adopted the last name of a rich patron, after being designated heir to his estate in his late 40s. Pretended to be a spy, was tried for treason in his mid-50s, with future Prime Minister Spencer Percival (Barry Goldwater) as his prosecutor. Spent some months in the Tower of London, but defended himself and was acquitted. Elected to Parliament in his mid-60s, but the government passed an act specifically directed at him that disqualified the clergy from sitting in the House of Commons. Wound up spending some 519 days in prison, which greatly reduced both his finances and health. Spent his later years in literary pursuits in a failing body, and burnt all his personal paper shortly before his death. Inner: Shrewd, witty, worldly, independent and vain. Relatively unimaginative materialist, with great powers of perception. Blow your own horne lifetime of combining his two great passions, politics and philology, while gaining a great deal more satisfaction and accomplishment out of the latter.

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PATHWAY OF THE ARTIST AS RECLAIMED WORK OF PSYCHIC ART:
Storyline: The self sculptor works on reshaping her unbalanced interior through public polemics and private reintegration, to ultimately find her true way on the middle road between them.
Kate Millet (1934) - American sculptor and writer. Outer: Mother was a farmer’s daughter. Father was an engineer and contractor from a wealthy Irish-Catholic family, who deserted the family when his daughter was 14. Contributed to the family income, and went to her mother’s alma mater, Univ. of Minn, where she made Phi Beta Kappa. A wealthy aunt helped her, and she went on to St. Hilda’s College, Oxford, graduating with first class honors. Taught English at the Univ. of North Carolina, then abruptly quit, went to NYC, and lived in a loft, where she painted and sculpted. Worked in a bank and taught kindergarten, before studying sculpture for 2 years in Tokyo. Taught English at Waseda Univ., then married Fumio Yoshimura, a Japanese sculptor to keep him in the U.S. Taught English at Barnard for 6 years and became involved in the women’s movement. Published Sexual Politics, her doctoral dissertation, claiming women’s place in society was a social and political construction, rather than a biological one. Part of the 2nd wave of the feminist movement. Made into a celebrity, and came out as a lesbian, which jarred the movement with her outlaw sensibilities. Suffered a nervous breakdown in the early 1970s, because of the pressure put on her as a public figure. A manic/depressive, she took lithium to balance her condition. Made several suicide attempts, before gaining control over her body and its moods in the late 1980s. Wrote several autobiographies, including her lesbian adventures, and a true crime tale called The Basement, about a teenage girl held in captivity by her mother and siblings and sexually abused by them, eventually causing her death. Identified with the victim, while exploring the eroticism of torture through her. Inner: Honest, introspective, highly perceptive. Psychopolitical lifetime of trying to redress her own personal sense of imbalance by attacking society’s imbalances, and slowly resculpting herself into a greater sense of personal integration through it. Anne Whitney (1821-1915) - American sculptor. Outer: Father was a justice of the peace. Grew up in a wealthy, liberal, well-read Unitarian milieu, in a family who supported their daughter’s intellect and artistry. Educated by tutors save for one year in a private school. Small and highly dynamic. Discovered sculpture when a water pot overturned in a greenhouse and she started modeling in sand. Ran a small school in Salem, Mass., where she began writing poetry, publishing her first volume in 1859, then started making portrait busts of members of her family. Spent a year in NYC and Philadelphia, modeling, drawing and studying. Planned to go to Italy, but the Civil War intervened, and she worked at her family home in a studio given to her by a successful younger brother, a shipping broker. Evinced a persistent concern with social justice through her symbolic statuary. Went to Rome in 1867 and lived and worked there for 4 years. An unidealized sculpture of an old peasant woman offended the authorities, and she had to sneak it out of the country. Traveled, with a focus on her work, rather than socializing. Commissioned to do a statue of radical patriot Sam Adams (Marcus Garvey). Made a 3rd trip to Europe, studying the new school of French sculpture. In 1875, she won a national competition to do a sculpture of a prominent abolitionist only to be denied her victory when it was discovered she was a woman, since her gender, it was believed, could not properly execute men’s legs. Thoroughly disgusted, she never entered another competition afterwards. Bought a house in Boston in 1876, where she lived and worked through the next 2 decades, executing portrait busts of a number of social activists. Had a longtime lesbian relationship with a younger female artist, who largely devoted her life to her. Died of cancer. Inner: Strong dislike of publicity, unsentimental, satiric wit. Privileged lifetime of being given tremendous support, in order to allow her artistry and herself full expression, before returning to remold herself from a far less secure foundation, both on the inner and outer planes. Marguerite of Burgundy (1290-1315) - Queen of France. Outer: Daughter of the Duke of Burgundy, mother was the daughter of Louis IX (Woodrow Wilson). Had a royal upbringing and in 1305, she married the future Louis X (Gerald Ford), but scandalized the court with her extra-marital affairs. When the paternity of her daughter, Jeanne II of Navarre (Rita Mae Brown) was questioned, the marriage was annulled and she was imprisoned for 10 years, and ultimately either starved to death or strangled on the orders of her husband, in order to let him wed again. Inner: Wanton, lusty, and because of her lifelong royal status, felt she was above the rules. Reckless lifetime of defying authority and being made to literally disappear for it, sending her, like her daughter, on a future pathway of empowerment for her own gender.

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PATHWAY OF THE REFORMER AS GUIDING LIGHT:
Storyline: The entrancing enabler employs the same ne’er-do-well paternal energy to propel her own drive towards independence as a highly public beacon for the innate power of women as ms.tresses of their own fate.
Gloria Steinem (1936) - American journalist and reformer. Outer: Her mother had given up a career in journalism to get married, while her father was a feckless antique dealer and summer resort operator who was chronically broke. Traveled around the country with him, until her parents divorced when she was 11, giving her a lonely, relatively impoverished childhood. Her mother, crippled by anxiety and depression, plunged into mental illness, and she became the caretaker for the financially strapped household in a rat-infested basement apartment in Toledo. Attended school on a regular basis only after her parents separated. Her caretaker role made her lose all desire to have children. Went to Smith College, graduating Phi Beta Kappa, and won a fellowship to study in India. Returned to NYC, pursued a journalistic career, making a name by posing as a Playboy bunny for an expose for Show magazine. Her handsome presence created a highly public career, as she came to be identified with the women’s liberation movement, as one of its most glamorous spokeswomen, although she was not drawn in until her mid-30s after attending an abortion speak-out. Had numerous liaisons with powerful, well-known men, including publisher Mort Zuckerman, director Mike Nichols and Olympian Rafer Johnson, although without any inclination to marry or be a mother. Helped found Ms. magazine in 1971, and was a guiding force behind it, as well as being extremely politically active as spokeswomen and organizer for women’s rights. Spent over 2 decades constantly traveling as a speaker, with very few moments to herself. An eventual burnout in her 50s, led to reassessment, introspection, and some oddly conceived, albeit best-selling volumes, revealing a far more contradictory character. Actively returned to Ms. in the late 1990s, after spearheading a group of investors called Liberty Media for Women, who repurchased the periodical nearly 3 decades after she first started it. As an active elucidator of the 20th century American female experience from an attractive, educated celebrity perspective, she eventually found peace with herself, retiring gracefully from her own sexual and social needs to become in her 60s, a student of life once again, rather than a compulsive teacher, nurturer and enabler. In 2000, she married David Bale, a charming 59 year old South African-born hustler and environmentalist, and father of actor Christian Bale, in a Cherokee ceremony in Oklahoma, after a lifetime of decrying the institution of matrimony as a relationship-destroyer. It was his third union, although he died 3 years later. Foreswore relationships afterwards, and in 2006, launched GreenStone Media as a means of developing and distributing radio programming for women. Inner: Kind, generous, with a compulsion to rescue people. Initial fear of public speaking, which she quickly overcame. Constantly on the move, with her life threaded through the woman’s movement as one of its most visible icons. On stage lifetime of exploring the power of her individuality through service to others, before reassessing her compulsions to better understand and ultimately privately integrate herself. Victoria C. Woodhull (Victoria Claflin) (1838-1927) - American reformer. Outer: Mother was illegitimate, illiterate, and a spiritual fanatic, who took her children to religious revivals and camp meetings. 7th of 10 children of an eccentric con man father who was forced to leave their hometown under suspicion of arson. Sister of Tennessee Claflin (Jill Johnston). Had visions from the age of 3 and claimed Greek philosopher Demosthenes (Winston Churchill) as a spirit guide, and that she would one day rise from poverty to lead a nation. Her family traveled as a medicine and fortune-telling show, and she gave spiritualism exhibitions with her sister. Eloped at 15 with Channing Woodhull, an alcoholic doctor, and had a retarded son, but almost bled to death with his botched delivery. Later, she had a long-lived daughter. Worked with her sister as clairvoyants, after separating from her family. Both were extremely attractive, but she also had the ability of conveying an intelligence that was quite above her own. Divorced her philandering husband after 5 years, but kept his name and married James Blood, a Civil War colonel, in 1866, who served her as an adequate ghostwriter. Their childless union eventually ended in divorce a decade later. Her initial mate became a drug addict and derelict, and she took him back into her household, since he was incapable of taking care of himself, which caused much tongue-wagging, which, in turn, helped radicalize her as a totem of the injustices forced upon women of her time. In 1868, the 2 sisters went to NYC, and both got Cornelius Vanderbilt’s (J. Paul Getty) attention through their fortune telling readings of the stock market. Opened a stock brokerage office, Woodhull, Claflin & Co., with her sibling, making money through Vanderbilt’s advice. Became interested in a socialist cult and with her sister, and launched a periodical, Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly, which advocated free love and equal rights and rites for women, as well as promoted her as a candidate for the presidency. Her husband, as well as a linguist who joined the entourage along the way, wrote most of the material, but the 2 sisters approved of the content. Appeared before the Judiciary Committee of the House of Representatives to plead for woman’s suffrage. Began giving lectures and proved a compelling speaker, preaching a doctrine of Free Love, while demanding a singular sexual standard, as well as the emancipation and equality of women. The Equal Rights party nominated her for president in 1872, but she wasn’t allowed to vote. Called by the press, ‘Mrs. Satan,’ for teaching women to question and believe in their own power. Also ruffled the feathers of miscegenation through her friendship with black activist Frederick Douglass (Jesse Jackson). After being hounded by the sisters of clergyman Henry Ward Beecher (Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.), she published an accusation of adultery against him in 1872, which led to his court trial. Arrested for passing obscene material through the mail, she spent a brief period in jail, before being ultimately acquitted. After divorcing in 1876, she and Tennessee sailed for Europe in 1877 when Vanderbilt died and his children contested his will. The duo probably received a payment from the family for not appearing in court, which gave them the wherewithal for Europe. Married John Biddulph Martin, a wealthy English banker in 1883, who had heard her lecture, although it took 6 years to make the union official because of family objections. Both sisters did charitable work and were eventually accepted into English society. Continued with her lecturing and writing, and was assisted by her daughter, in the publication of a magazine, the “Humanitarian,” that focused on eugenics. Both sisters made several trips to America, and caused a sensation each time. Her third husband died in 1901, and she inherited a substantial estate, allowing her to live out the rest of her life in the the English countryside, while penning a number of books. Became one of the earliest motorcar owners in Britain, while championing Anglo-American links. Following her death, her ashes were scattered over the mid-Atlantic, as symbol of her connect between her native and adopted countries. Inner: Highly effective communicator, whether bilking the gullible public on the tent show circuit or delivering heartfelt messages on the freedom of rights that women deserved. Practicing homeopath, and a believer in the modernist trinity of diet, exercise and comfort in dress as the best antidote for ill health. Free spirited lifetime of giving full expression to her rebellious nature, with an extraordinary degree of support from family and friends. Charlotte Smith (1749-1806) - English writer. Outer: Mother died when she was 3, father decided before she was 16 that she must be married. Her husband was the son of an East India Company director, but was difficult and unstable as well as a spendthrift. Spent part of a year in debtor’s prison with her mate, where she wrote her first published work. The couple finally separated after the birth of 12 children. Gave him financial assistance, but refused to live with him again. Because of monetary need, she averaged 4 books a year, using her novels to release a lot of the painful experiences of her private life. Her heroines usually trusted in their own intelligence in order to be unthreatened by their exclusion from society. Her politics reflected an early liberal enthusiasm for the French Revolution and later conservative revulsion for its excesses. Suffered failing health towards end of life. Inner: Cheerful, with a strong character, able to absorb physical, financial and emotional difficulties. Husband’s energy was remarkably similar to her succeeding 2 fathers. Probably used him to propel her own sense of self through his unreliability. Independence-seeking lifetime of transcending personal difficulties by developing her powers of exposition and sheer survival under highly oppressive circumstances.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS ILL-TEMPERED INDIVIDUALIST:
Storyline: The devil’s adversarial advocate takes fiendish delight in utilizing his caustic wit in the service of his acute social perceptions, while acting out his ongoing need for absolute uniqueness in both his lives and his works.
Hunter Thompson (1937-2005) - American journalist. Outer: Father was an insurance agent, mother was a librarian. Raised in a lower middle-class milieu, he had an early sense of his destiny as a writer, and began his own newspaper at 10, charging 4 cents a copy. Used to type out books of authors he admired, particularly Ernest Hemingway, in order to get a sense of their rhythms and style. Also began a lifelong habit of writing outrageous letters to the famous and friends alike, keeping some 20,000 carbon copies of them all. Arrested for mugging after a bender and given the choice of reform school or the military. Joined the Air Force, and did sports reporting for the base paper in Florida, and was honorably discharged after 2 years for nonconformity. 6’3”, lean and sturdy. Had a few brief journalistic jobs, including trainee for Time magazine, then traveled cross-country, hanging out in California, before 2 years of travel in South America. Sent dispatches on native life there, and had his first success as a journalist. Wrote for the National Observer on his return, but quit when they refused to let him cover the Free Speech Movement in Berkeley. Married Sandra Conklin in his mid-20s, who had 5 miscarriages before producing one son, later divorced in 1980 with his wife characterizing the union as, “He was the king, I was the slave.” Largely a vampire in his personal relationships, with everything revolving around his needs. Settled in San Francisco, worked on fiction and did articles, expanding one on the Hell’s Angels motorcycle club into a book in 1966, which resulted in his being beaten up and hospitalized as response to his unflattering portrait of them. Radicalized by the Chicago Democratic convention in 1968. Moved to Aspen, Colorado and became an adversarial reporter, while enjoying his own brand of Rocky Mountain high. The inventor of gonzo journalism, although he did not coin the term, which was perceptive writing combined with massive ingestions of drugs and alcohol to loosen his acerbic tongue, and the use of himself as his story’s central narrative point, beginning with Fear and Loathing In Las Vegas in 1971, a failed attempt at covering a motorcycle race and drug-enforcement convention. Began scrivening for Rolling Stone magazine, and achieved huge popularity with his outrageous takes on politics and culture, while running up huge expense accounts. Ran for sheriff of Aspen, Colorado on the Freak Power ticket in 1970, and came close to winning. Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas, written after the 1972 Democratic convention, gained him enormous respect in the liberal political community, and was later made into a film. His excessive behavior, and a great need to be outrageous, however, made his later work uneven to the point of nonexistence, and by the mid-1970s, he had largely spun himself out. Suffered writer’s block, and his output markedly decreased, although he managed to produce 18 books all told. An insulting public speaker, and libertarian to the core, with a fascination with firearms. Served as an inspiration for the character Raoul Duke, in the “Doonesbury” cartoonstrip. Also the subject of two movies, Where the Buffalo Roam, as well as Fear and Loathing. Proved to be a modern medical miracle according to his doctors for surviving his extremely self-destructive lifestyle of substance abuse. Married Anita Bejmuk, his assistant, in 2003, and ended his career doing sports reporting for ESPN online. Beset by physical problems, including pain from back surgery and an artificial hip, he ended his wheelchair-bound life with a gun-blast to the head. Six months to the day later, his ashes were ceremoniously blasted off into space from a cannon, in a fitting coda to his explosive life. Inner: Eccentric, macho, conservative, with a love of guns and free expression. His public persona was largely manufactured to draw attention to his work. Non-romantic idealist, and self-described, “the soul of a teenage girl in the body of an elderly dope fiend.” Adversarial lifetime of challenging the foibles of his age from an uninhibited and alienated perspective, while trying not to be consumed by his fear and loathing of the commonplace. Ambrose Bierce (1842-c1914) - American writer. Outer: Parents were poor, obscure and eccentric, as well as devotees of fire-and-brimstone fundamentalism. 10th of 13 children, with all of them having names beginning with ‘A’. His only education was from his father’s small library, which had been accumulated from the former’s many unsuccessful forays into business, from farming to shop keeping. Never close to his family, he left home at 15, and worked as a printer’s devil for an abolitionist newspaper, before enrolling at the Kentucky Military Institute for a year. Wandered afterwards, then joined the 9th Indiana Infantry, and served with distinction during the Civil War. Twice risked his life in rescuing fallen companions, but in 1865, he was forced to resign when a bullet wound to the head continued to cause him dizziness and blackouts. After the war, he became the custodian of captured property in Alabama. Resigned to inspect northern posts, before joining a brother in San Francisco. As a journalist, he established his caustic, bitter wit, before becoming editor of the News-Letter. In his late 20s, he married Mollie Day, the daughter of a wealthy miner, three children from the union. Went to Europe, and settled in England, where he wrote for Fun for the next 4 years, as well as contributed to other English magazines. Asthma caused him to seek out cures in spas, and his long absences from his family eventually doomed his marriage. Published a collection of his mordant sketches, as well as several novels in England, and became known as “Bitter Bierce.” Returned to San Francisco in 1876, and wrote for several journals, including the Argonaut, where his famous column, “Prattle” began. Went out to South Dakota to work with a gold mining company in 1880, which would subsequently give him much material on naked greed. In 1886, he became a columnist for William Randolph Hearst’s S.F. Examiner for nearly a decade, enjoying complete editorial freedom. In the process, he became virtual literary dictator of the West Coast, although he hated journalism, despite the power it gave him. Wrote about the Civil War, but the realism of the writing without the attendant humor couldn’t find an audience. Separated from his wife in 1888, and the following year his oldest son died. Ultimately moved to the country’s capital at century’s nearend, and became Washington correspondent for the New York American. A second son, who had become a journalist, died in 1901, and his ex-wife followed him four years later. Greatly grieved over the deaths of his two children. Best known for The Devil’s Dictionary, a scathingly caustic re-examination of contemporary language. After 1906, he realized his creative well had run dry, and he became very disillusioned and depressed. Eventually went to Mexico to die during the time of the revolution there, vanishing without a trace. Inner: Bitter mordant wit, with a crisp sense of language and great power of subjective analysis. Devil’s disciple lifetime of turning his bile into high literary art, before tapping himself dry, willing himself to die, and disappearing into his own ongoing legend. Thomas Dekker (c1572-1632) - English playwright. Outer: Of unknown origins, probably of Dutch descent, from his name. Began his career as a journalist and lyric poet in his early 20s, and proved himself to be a rapid, careless writer, with a gift for humorous invention. Often forced to hurry his works under the pressure of creditors. A playwright by default, beginning in the late 1590s, he collaborated on around 40 plays, but was far better suited for the press than the stage as a chronicler of London life on all levels. The Whore of Babylon and If This Be Not A Good Play, the Devil is in It, give indication of his subject matter. Married twice, probably the father of 2. Worked on more than 50 plays, often in collaboration with others. Lived in poverty, was imprisoned twice for debt and bailed out by producer Philip Henslowe. In 1612, he was sentenced for debt and spent almost 7 years in the King’s Bench Prison. Finished his career as a pamphlet-writer, while re-editing some of his earlier work. Originally thought of as prosaic, later seen as a complex writer with his allegorical, satirical comedies and social commentaries. Inner: Impractical, good-natured and lovable, a natural bohemian. Cheerful, good-natured temperament. Shrewd observer, sloppy but highly prolific. Irresponsible and irrepressible lifetime of giving vent to his nonconformist tendencies, without evincing the bile that would be highly evident in his later lives of the pen in this series.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS COMBATIVE CONSERVATIVE:
Storyline: The retro reformer continually takes stands predicated on both time’s past, and times that never were, looking for public love with positions that underline divisiveness and discontent, and always wondering why present time ultimately manages to pass him by.
Patrick Buchanan (1938) - American journalist and politician. Outer: Father was a CPA, mother was a nurse. One of 9 children in a family with a distinctly conservative outlook, viewing communism as an ideological adversary of Catholicism. His progenitor maintained a strict household, liberally using a leather belt on his 7 sons. Also had them swinging at a punching bag 1600 times a week. Was a scourge of his neighborhood along with his brothers while growing up, continually getting into fights. Valedictorian of his high school class, he attended Georgetown Univ., where a fracas with police over a traffic accident left him with a broken hand and suspension from school for a year. Graduated and went to the Columbia School of Journalism, before becoming an editorial writer for the St. Louis Globe Democrat for 3 years. Exempted from the draft because of arthritis in the knee. Became a presidential campaign aide to Richard Nixon, and continued with him to the White House, where he served as a speechwriter and spearheaded that administration’s thrusts and salvos at the liberal media elite. In his early 30s, he married Shelley Scarney, a very traditional wife who had been a receptionist at the White House, no children from the union. Left the Nixon administration in the wake of the Watergate scandals, in which he was not implicated, and returned to television and journalism, where he continued to forge a name for himself as an aggressive conservative. Went back to the White House as Ronald Reagan’s communication director in 1985, giving up a $400,000 a year career to do so. Left after 2 years, and became one of the television hosts of Firing Line, in which left and right took verbal potshots at one another over who was right, and who was left behind. Dissatisfied with George H. W. Bush’s presidency, he contested him in the primaries in 1992, doing well initially, before fading, and then gave a speech at the Republican convention enlisting the party in a cultural war. Switched his rhetoric to a class war, which made the party uncomfortable and then made a second run in 1996 as a pro-life isolationist, inveighing his cadre of ‘peasants with pitchforks’ to support his political tunnel vision as the voice of the proletariat, despite his upscale lifestyle. His initial popularity, however, quickly waned when he was labeled as an extremist. Began campaigning again for the 2000 presidential bid, switching from the Republican to the Reform Party, causing further division in that organization, while maintaining his divisive populist message, playing on the disaffection of American have-nots with the well-educated overclass, despite being a member of it. At the same time, he published a revisionist tome on WW II, stating Adolph Hitler posed no direct threat to the U.S., while continuing to take great delight in his self-appointed role as ongoing disturber of the peace, which would come to include the ‘invasion’ of America by non-English speaking Latinos. Became more and more critical of the George W. Bush administration, as his Iraq invasion limped on, while remaining ubiquitously in public view in both print and on TV, as a singular and genuine voice of traditional conservatism, with an increasingly gloomier view of neo-conservative policies. Towards decade’s end, he became an odd couple with liberal commentator Rachel Maddow on equally indulgent MSNBC, as a singular voice of recalcitrant convention in an otherwise bulwark of strongly slanted progressivist sentiment. Inner: Pugnacious, highly militant, intelligent and articulate, with a strong, albeit biased sense of his/story. On the firing line lifetime of taking conservative political ideals for a power run and establishing himself as a national, if not always rational, voice for nationalism, isolationism and social retrenching. John Louis O’Sullivan (1813-1895) - American journalist and diplomat. Outer: Father was a merchant and sea captain, who later served as a minor consul. Educated at a military school in France, then Westminster school in England, before graduating from Columbia College and Law School. Practiced law for 3 years, then helped found a political literary magazine called the United States Magazine and Democratic Review, to which numerous leading writers contributed. Wrote an article in 1845 urging the aggressive expansion of the United States throughout all of North America, using the phrase, “manifest destiny,” for the first time. Also co-edited a Democratic newspaper, the New York Morning News. Saw himself as the voice of the small businessman and yeoman farmer. In his mid-30s, he married a doctor’s daughter. Enjoyed a high reputation as a journalist, although was completely warped on his view of Jacksonian America as the way of the entire world. Also was extremely racist, viewing all who were not white as totally inferior, while deeming slavery as a positive virtue. Had a strong interest in the acquisition of Cuba by the U.S. Supported filibustering activities in Cuba and was tried and acquitted for the violation of the neutrality laws. Appointed charge d’affaires by President Franklin Pierce (Eugene McCarthy) and was later made minister to Portugal. During the Civil War, he lived in England, where he worked for the Southern cause in hopes that the English would recognize the Confederacy, because of his out-and-out approval of slavery. Returned the U.S. in 1879, and lived in total obscurity for the last decade and a half of his life, save for an invitation to speak at the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886. Inner: Infectiously charming, highly energetic, with great concern, even tenderness, for his own kind. Psychologically unstable, highly racist, a total misreader of the currents of his/story. Tunnel vision lifetime of expanding his personality, albeit not his views, before being swallowed alive by them. Joseph Galloway (1731-1803) - American politician. Outer: From a prominent family of traders who possessed large estates in Maryland and Pennsylvania. Father died during his childhood. Studied law in Philadelphia, and became one of that city’s leading members of the bar. In 1753, he married the daughter of one of the richest and most influential men in the province. Served in the Pennsylvania assembly for almost 20 years, beginning in 1756, except for one break, to 1776, while backing a royal, rather than a proprietary government. Felt Parliament had the right to rule the colonies, although disapproved of several of its tax acts, and in turn, was strongly against the colonist’s violent reaction to the assessments. Worked as a conciliatory agent for better Anglo/American relations between England and the colonies. Attended the first Continental Congress, and supported a Crown-appointed president general, although was voted down by the more radical members, and refused to attend the 2nd Congress. An unabashed loyalist during the American Revolution, he was compelled to flee to British-occupied territories, where he became civil administrator of Philadelphia when the crown’s forces occupied the city. Went to England after the city was recaptured in 1778, and became a major spokesman for the Loyalists. Sought permission to return to America in 1793, but was turned down, and spent the rest of his life in England, serving the interest of expatriate loyalists and writing pamphlets from his own warped perspective, unable to countenance events that did not fit into his narrow view, despite a desire to return to the rejected land of his birth. Inner: Imperialist and extremely tradition-bound, in spite of his own high political ambitions. Unable to reconcile his anti-independence stance with the flow of events around him. Recalcitrant in his principles and beliefs. Wide range of interests, passionately attached to his ideal of America. Vain and disparaging of all opposition to his views. Tunnel vision lifetime of intransigence in his beliefs, and an inability to change them with changing times.

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PATHWAY OF THE POET AS IMPIOUS PORNOGRAPHER:
Storyline: The hubristic hustler sees himself as a crusader with the penis mightier than both the pen and sword, and though he suffers grotesquely for his stance, he is able to remain unrepentant, if not quite unbroken, as an emblem of free salacious speech.
Larry Flynt (1943) - American journalist and pornographer. Outer: Son of an alcoholic sharecropper and pipe-fitter. Grew up poor in eastern Kentucky, and learned how to hustle just to survive. His parents divorced when he was 12. One younger brother, and a younger sister who died of leukemia at the age of 5. When he was 10, his parents separated, and he went to live with his mother and brother in Indiana. Later admitted to having congress with a chicken during this period. Faked his birth certificate at 14 and entered the army, traveling the world for the next 5 years. Divorced twice by the time he was 21. By his mid-20s, he had opened his first Hustler Club, a workingman’s bar with go-go dancers, and within 4 years, had 8 clubs going in Ohio. Decided to print a newsletter featuring the dancers, and by his early 30s, he had launched Hustler magazine, a skinzine dedicated to breaking sexual barriers. It became the first national magazine to show female genitalia, as well as feature pubic hair on its cover. Never pretended to be anything he was not, going for a specific market that also reflected his own down home unsophisticated tastes, while pursuing a hedonistic, libidinous lifestyle. Grew both wealthy and more and more controversial for his sexual stands, and became a frequent figure in the courtroom, seeing himself as a champion of the 1st amendment’s right of freedom of expression. Made a highly public religious conversion in his mid-30s after having a vision of Jesus on his Lear jet. Vowed celibacy after a lifetime of excess and fell under the tutelage of President Jimmy Carter’s evangelical sister, Ruth Stapleton, while turning over the management of his magazine, as well as the rest of his publishing empire. Later discounted the yearlong experience as a result of manic depression. After walking out of a courtroom where he faced obscenity charges, he was shot by a racist who objected to an interracial couple in one of his issues, leaving him paralyzed from the waist down and confined to a gold wheelchair. Later appeared in court wrapped in an American flag as a diaper. His penultimate wife, whom he married in 1976, was Althea Leasure, a former go-go dancer who managed his empire, and drowned in the bathtub from a drug overdose in 1987. Served 5 months for contempt of court in his early 40s. Following his near-assassination, he suffered impotency and a steady 14 year slide into manic-depressive delusions, painkillers and paranoia, surrounded by bodyguards. Overdosed a half dozen times and was pronounced DOA twice. In intense pain the entire time, he was finally relieved after a third operation in his late 40s, taking back control of his publishing empire. Got a penile implant to cure his impotence, and wrote his autobiography, An Unseemly Man: My Life as Pornographer, Pundit and Social Outcast. 5 children from his various unions, including one daughter who has accused him of molesting her. Subject of a popular motion picture, The People vs. Larry Flynt, where he was portrayed by Woody Harrelson. Began testing anti-obscenity laws again in 1997, and finally was indicted in 1998 for selling obscene material to a minor. Married his former nurse the same year, after a 7 year courtship. During the House impeachment hearings of President Bill Clinton, he offered up to $1 million to anyone who had adulterous relations with members of Congress, and subsequently brought down the Speaker of the House-to-be through the information he garnered. Continues in that vein, with the avowed goal of outing political hypocrites. In 2003, he ran unsuccessfully for governor in the California recall election, while claiming to be a Democrat/Libertarian. Also a successful casino and club owner, expanding his ‘Hustler’ brand into alternate venues of entertainment, as well as a host of other extremely graphic publications, a video company, and a chain of sex-toy stores. In 2009, he jumped on the bailout bandwagon, asking for a Washington handout for the porn industry, in a tongue-in-cheek, as well as other orifices, ploy for publicity. Inner: Blunt, self-involved, self-righteous, with a desire to be an admired, crusading figure. Passion for antiques, along with a singular sense of being a sexual crusader, challenging America’s first amendment free speech rights. Self-styled pervert and crusader. Hustling lifetime of pushing the behavioral envelope as far as he can, while dealing with his own tendency towards excess through a dysfunctional body, and a pspectacularly psalacious psyche. Frank Harris (James Thomas Harris) (1856-1931) - Irish/American writer, editor and adventurer. Outer: Parents were Welsh, and his early years were spent in Ireland. 3rd son and fourth of five children. His father was a cantankerous alcoholic seaman, while his mother was the daughter of a Baptist minister, who died when her son was 3. Raised by an older brother, in a markedly unhappy childhood. Resented his puritanical sire, as well as his teachers, who did not believe in sparing the rod. Small and wiry, as well as physically vigorous, with a rich bass voice and piercing eyes. Ran away to the U.S. at the age of 14, worked as a cowboy, bootblack and laborer, then joined his older brother at the Univ. of Kansas and became a U.S. citizen. Passed his bar exam, while changing his name to Frank, as a means of obliterating his childhood. Returned to England, and worked as a French tutor at a Sussex college, while showing himself to be a systematic amorist, with a compulsion to seduce. In 1878, he married Florence Adams, the sickly daughter of a maltster, who died of TB 10 months later. Settled in London on her £1000 bequest to him, worked as a correspondent in the Russo-Turkish war, attended 2 German universities, then returned to London, where in 1883, he became an editor of the Evening News. Sensationalized the news, showing himself to be strongly anti-aristocratic, and pro-impoverished, while inserting himself in a number of society scandals, which ultimately cost him his job in 1886, although he was soon back as an editor of the Fortnightly Review. In 1887, he married Emily Clayton, a wealthy widow of a manufacturer, who was well-connected in conservative political circles, in the hope of becoming prime minister. A firebrand socialist, evincing a ferocious brilliance as a talker and orator, he was far too unstable to realize his aims, and his campaign and marriage subsequently and simultaneously failed. In 1894, he eloped, brought out his first book and bought The Saturday Review, which he made into a brilliant literary and political magazine for 4 years. Sold the magazine and failed at running luxury hotels on the French Riviera. Became a petty opportunist afterwards, and continued writing in a variety of venues. a series of disastrous journalistic ventures followed, and after a jail term for contempt of court and his reputation permanently sullied, he left England for the U.S. During WW I, he employed Pearson’s, a magazine he had bought, in order to express his vehement anti-British sentiments. Best known for his scandalous autobiography, Frank Harris, His Life and Loves, written in 4 volumes, which were banned in both Britain and the United States for many years. Displayed a fascination with eroticism in much of his work. Also wrote biographies of people he knew, showing a gift of maliciousness and invention in his assessments. Married for the last time in 1927, to a longtime mistress. Also had at least one illegitimate daughter. The latter part of his life was spent in great straits, before dying of heart failure on the French Riviera. Inner: Harbored delusions of greatness, with a preposterous sense of his own amatory gifts. Outrageous lifetime of acting out his own sense of greatness and destiny before succumbing to the lesser reality that underpinned it. John Cleland (1709-1789) - English writer. Outer: Probably the son of a Scottish tax commissioner whose roisterous ways made him the subject of a novel by Joseph Addison (Walter Lippmann). Studied at Westminster School, then became a consul at Smyrna, before working for the East India Company in Bombay. Quarreled with his employer, lost his job, wandered around Europe and disappeared for a long stretch, then returned to London in 1741, where he wound up in debtor’s prison in 1748, after a fallout with his controlling mother, following his father’s death. While incarcerated, he was approached by a printer who offered to bail him out if he wrote a licentious novel. The subsequent work was a sensation, chronicling the erotic adventures of a 15 year old orphan, Fanny Hill: Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure, one of the first pornographic works in English. It was immediately suppressed, guaranteeing it a long life over the centuries. Despite earning the publisher a handsome fortune, he was paid little for his effort. After a 2nd erotic novel, Memoirs of a Coxcomb, he confined himself to politics and drama. Worked as a journalist, and composed several dramatic pieces for the theater. Left England to spend the last part of his life in France, where he wrote on philology. Disappointed and lonely at life’s finale, ending his days in shabby, genteel chaos, and dying of intermittent fever. Inner: Adventurous eroticist, probably bisexual. Natural wit, patriotic, paid little attention to the publications of his work. Unfulfilled lifetime of trying to combine his dual literary interests in intellectuality and carnality, and leaving a long-standing legacy of the latter for his efforts.

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PATHWAY OF THE REFORMER AS FREEBOOTING FREETHINKER:
Storyline: The macha muser doesn’t mind getting down and dirty in the intellectual and sociopolitical trenches of her times, through her surety of opinion and bellicose willingness to take on anyone standing in her ideological way.
Camille Paglia (1947) - American critic and writer. Outer: From an Italian Catholic background. Mother was an immigrant, father was native-born and a professor of romance languages, who encouraged his daughter to defy convention. Her mother was energetic & practical while her sire was serious& studious, so that she pursued a middle road twixt the duo. Grew up with a mythological sense of womanhood, thanks to 2 immigrant grandmothers who lived nearby and showed her the timeless aura of the kitchen, as well as communication without language. Preferred swords and knights in armor to dolls, and from an early age saw the erotic in the iconic. A 2nd sister was born when she was 14. Obsessed with actress Elizabeth Taylor as a teen as an archetype of beauty and the feminine, although affected Napoleonic attire herself. 5’3”, wiry and frenetic. Graduated from the State Univ. of NY as valedictorian of her class, showing herself to be a ferocious student, and received her Ph.D. from Yale, before embarking on an academic career at Bennington College in 1972, where she garnered a reputation for fist-fights, going after oppressive males. After 8 years there, she became a visiting lecturer, and ultimately wound up at the Univ. of the Arts in Philadelphia in 1984, a college for dancers, actors and visual artists, becoming a professor of the humanities there in 1991. Found feminism far too dogmatic for her tastes, ultimately labeling herself an anti-feminist feminist, looking to stir up women into their own aggressive sense of power and control. After 9 years of rejections and re-workings, she published Sexual Personae: Art and Decadence from Nefertiti to Emily Dickinson in 1990, championing the Western canon of art and literature while seeing a Nietzschean duality between the Apollonian pursuit of high aesthetics and the cult of individual personality, as a response to the Dionysian urge of the primitive and the chaotic, with men going to the former to transcend their more base urges, and women stuck in their roles in the latter. Viewing nature as bestial and perverse, she sees a strange and terrible duality in the sexes, born of their diverse natures, and shows little sympathy for women who do not see the beast in men. Continually ruffling feathers with her gift for hyperbole, digression and pronouncement, providing her own entertaining viewpoints on how women have to empower themselves and be aware of the dangers of the Dionysian. Has made herself into a high profile public personality with her further broadsides, enjoying the controversies she creates, with a much divided audience both sneeringly dismissing her and avidly awaiting her further epigrams in the eternal battle of the books and the sexes. Inner: Self-centered libertarian and purposeful provocateur, with an eye on her own immortality as a seminal thinker. Veritable fount of of both classic and pop culture reference points, which liberally dot her various screeds. Self-described “drag queen feminist” and “bisexual lesbian, monastic, celibate, pervert, deviant voyeur.” Macha lifetime of rocking the academic boat with her readings and misreadings on eros and civilization. Emmeline Pankhurst (Emmeline Goulden) (1858-1928) - English reformer. Outer: Parents were both radical reformers. Father was a cashier who became the owner of a prosperous calico printing and bleach works, while also campaigning against slavery and the oppressive Corn Laws. Mother was an early feminist, who began taking her daughter to suffrage meetings as a teen. As the eldest of 10, she learned responsibility early on by taking care of her younger siblings. Grew up in a freethinking reformist household but was educated at a boarding school in Manchester, where girls were taught to be homemakers, and soon saw the huge gender disparity in her schooling. Attended an academic girls’ school in Paris afterwards, and then roamed the city, which further imbued her with revolutionary fantasies. Began working for the woman suffrage movement on her return home. Married Richard Pankhurst (William Kunstler), a progressive barrister nearly a quarter century her senior in 1879. Had three daughters and a son in the first six years of marriage, including Christabel (Rachel Maddow), who followed in her large footsteps, before becoming a Christian polemicist, and Sylvia (Melissa Harris-Lacewell) and Adela (Michelle Malkin), who became pacifists. One more son was added to the brood after her first one died of diphtheria, but he became paralyzed from polio and died at 21. Highly active in the suffrage movement, while moving from the Liberal Party to the Fabian Society to the Independent Labor Party. Unsuccessfully campaigned for her husband for a pair of parliamentary runs in the 1880s on extreme anti-establishment stances, while also supporting the family by running a fancy goods shop, since he was too radical to pursue a successful career at the bar. Continued her activism, as a dedicated socialist. After her beloved husband’s death in 1898, which devastated her, she found herself impoverished, and opened another shop, only to be forced to close it, before becoming registrar of births and deaths in a working-class district of her home city of Manchester. In 1903, she left the ILP and formed the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) with Christabel, with “Deeds, not words,” as their motto, as their tactics became more aggressive, garnering much publicity. Went to live with Sylvia in London and organized, recruited and led marches in favor of the vote for women, while focusing her entire existence on her self-appointed mission. Arrested in 1908, while upping her tactics to window-smashing and other attention-grabbing actions. Made fund-raising tours in the U.S. in 1909 and 1911, and the following year she was convicted of conspiracy. In 1910, she lost her second son, which thoroughly upended her, as she turned her grief and rage into even more aggressive activism, as well as powertripping within her own organization. After her release from prison, she and Christabel assumed full control of the WSPU. Arrested for incitement to violence in 1913, she was imprisoned and went on a hunger strike, winning her release when her physical condition became critical. Arrested a dozen more times as one of the most public faces of the suffrage movement in England, while exhorting her minions, even while laid out on a stretcher. Joined her exiled daughter in France, then was detained on Ellis Island on a subsequent visit to the U.S., which caused a public uproar. With the outbreak of WW I, she worked on recruitment along with Christabel, taking no part in the final negotiations for suffrage before 1918, as a rift between her and her two youngest daughters widened because of their pacifist activities. During the war, she adopted 4 orphan girls, as a means of creating a substitute family for herself. Saw Christabel lose in a run for Parliament after limited suffrage passed, then toured Canada as a speaker on child welfare, as her health began to noticeably fail, following all her hunger strikes. Had two of her orphan daughters adopted by people who could take better care of them, while Christabel adopted her favorite, leaving her with only one to raise. Lived on the Rivera for health reasons, before returning to London at the end of 1925, and in 1926 joined the Conservative Party for a losing Parliamentary run. During the campaign, she became permanently estranged from her daughter Sylvia, after she gave birth to an out-of-wedlock son and refused out of principle to marry the father. Died in a nursing home from septicemia brought on by influenza, a few weeks after her lifetime dream of universal suffrage was passed. Had her biography, “My Own Story,” ghostwritten in 1914. Inner: Aggressive, dedicated, militant, charismatic and fearless. Powerful speaker, who used neither notes nor gestures in limning her clear heartfelt arguments. Very much into the feminine, loved beautiful things and always wore feminine clothing, paying particular attention to her appearance. In your face lifetime of confrontational activism and realization of her life’s dream at the end, although not without having her daughters act out the same sense of rebelliousness against her that she so aptly personified. Emma Martin (Emma Bullock) (1812-1851) - English socialist and writer. Outer: Father was a cooper who died shortly after her birth. 4th child. Mother remarried, little known of her childhood. Rejected the conventional beliefs of her mother and stepfather, and joined the Particular Baptist sect at 17, and was part of a Bible Society for the next 4 years. Set up her own Ladies Seminary at 18 and 3 years later married a Baptist brick and tile maker, 3 daughters from union. Ran her school with her sister, and became an editor of the Bristol Literary Magazine, giving her first public lecture in 1838 on education. Left her husband the following year, after he dissipated her inheritance. Continued giving her lectures, and became involved with the socially progressive Owenite movement, championing free thought, socialism and feminism. Moved to London, with her daughters joining her, and became one of the leading speakers in the Owenite Halls of Science and Social Institutions. An outspoken feminist, she criticized marriage as a market-driven institution, and demanded equal political and educational rights for women. A confrontational speaker, she attacked religion, became embroiled in numerous controversies, and attracted large crowds to her lecture tours in the Midlands, the North and Scotland. Exhausted from her combative forays into the heartlands, she returned to London and qualified as a midwife at the Royal Adelaide Hospital, while focusing on writing rather than speaking, and also campaigning against male domination of female health. Did translations, including the salty tales of Boccaccio (James Joyce), and wrote a novel. From 1845, she lived with an engineer, 10 years her senior, who took her surname and with whom she had a daughter. Died of tuberculosis. Inner: Feisty, combative, and ultimately worn down by her labors. Good lecturer, combined witty repartee with tub-thumping polemics. Foreshortened lifetime of making her sentiments well-known during a time when women were collectively first starting to express their power, before retreating from the battlefronts to heal because of wounds incurred from her full-bore assault on conventional attitudes of the time.

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PATHWAY OF THE ADVOCATE AS RADICAL CONTROVERSIALIST:
Storyline: The grandiose grandstander loves being centerstage with his activist agenda for social change, as he has in the past, while focusing on his material existence, as he hadn’t, in order to live a more complete existence centered round his ongoing fascination with himself and his facility for bringing polemical issues to the fore.
William Kunstler (1919-1975) - American lawyer and social activist. Outer: Of Jewish descent. Father was a workaholic physician, who put his vocation over his homelife, causing much resentment by his older son. Grandfather was also a physician, who listed NYC mayor Fiorello LaGuardia (Bill ) and the NY baseball Giants as his clientele. One younger brother who became his initial law partner, and one sister. Despite his middle-class upbringing, quite rebellious as a youth, hanging with a gang, and purposefully courting trouble. Reverted to his conventional roots, showed himself to be a good student and went to Yale College, where he majored in French and showed a proclivity for poetry, while swimming for the varsity team, before going on to get his law degree at Columbia Univ. Law School. 6’, 175 lbs. In 1943, he married a fifth cousin who was a German refugee, Lotte Rosenberger, two daughters from the union. Served in the Pacific Theater during WW II, winning a Bronze Star, and ultimately achieving the rank of major. On his return, he worked briefly as an executive trainee at Macy’s Dept. store, then opened a law practice with his brother, specializing in marriage, estate and business law. Became an associate professor of law at NY Law School in 1950, followed by Pace University from 1951 to 1963. During the 1950s and 1960s, he worked for the civil rights movement, getting a number of cases out of southern courts and into federal venues, before putting the full focus of his legal attention on social issues. Became a director of the American Civil Liberties Union from 1964 to 1972, after which he joined the ACLU National Council. Served as a lecturer at the New School for Social Research from 1966 to 1971. Highly active in a variety of lawyer’s groups, he reveled in the attention he drew, taking on an all-star clientele of public disrupters, revolutionaries, activists and malcontents, including H. Rap Brown, Lenny Bruce, Stokely Carmichael, Jack Ruby, American Indian Movement Leaders, Martin Luther King and Malcolm X, with his highest profile case, the 1969 Chicago Conspiracy Trial, defending the Chicago Seven, who had fed into the city’s chaos surrounding the 1968 Democratic Convention there. His showboating antics turned the trial into a circus, compounded by his preference for confrontation with the judge to solid legal work, and he ultimately received a four sentence for contempt, which was overturned. For all his public posturing, he lived extremely well, and could well afford much of his pro bono work. After divorcing, he married attorney Margaret Ratner in 1975. Continued pursuing highly controversial clients, while also taking on future radio personality Ron Kuby as a junior partner, beginning in 1983. The duo focused on both civil rights and criminal cases, including Islamic radicals involved in the first World Trade Center bombing and dozens of soldiers who claimed conscientious objector status during America’s First Gulf War in 1991. As a coda to his courtroom antics, he starred as himself in a 1994 “Law & Order” episode, after earlier doing the same in films by Spike Lee and Oliver Stone. Died of a heart attack, on Labor Day, in one final symbolic salute to his life’s work. Penned his autobiography, “My Life as a Radical Lawyer,” in 1994, along with a host of other tomes, in what would be his favorite avocation, putting pen to paper. Inner: Pragmatic, utopian and pessimistic. Flamboyant with a huge ego, but a genuine desire to right societal wrongs, and provide legal counsel for the most reviled and/or misunderstood elements of American society. Felt violent revolution was an inevitability, despite personally being a pacifist. Very physical, feeling a need to kiss and hug everyone. Hot issue hotdogger lifetime of playing to the press and luxuriating in the attention given him, while pursuing a genuinely felt progressive agenda as a legal voice for the sore oppressed. Richard Pankhurst (1834-1898) - English barrister and activist. Outer: Spent the greater part of his life in the industrial city of Manchester, where he received his basic education. Got his BA from the Univ. of London, and in 1859, received an LLB with honors from the same institution, before graduating with a doctorate in law with a gold medal in 1863. After being called to the bar at Lincoln’s Inn in 1867, he became involved with Liberal Party politics, although his sentiments were far to the left of theirs, and he soon separated himself from them. Championed a number of unpopular anti-imperialist causes, including Irish home rule and India independence, as well as antiestablishment positions against the Church of England and the House of Lords, while advocating universal free education and universal women’s suffrage. Drafted England’s first women’s suffrage bill, and in the course of his activism, met and married Emmeline Goulden (Camille Paglia), who was nearly a quarter century his junior. Their close union produced a trio of highly active activist daughters, Christabel (Rachel Maddow), Sylvia (Melissa Harris-Lacewell) and Adela (Michelle Malkin), as well as two sons. The first predeceased him and died in childhood, and the second developed polio, and passed on in his early 20s. Along with his wife, he established the Independent Labour Party, although his activities took so much of his time, that he was unable to support his family. Instead, that task was left to Emmeline, who opened a fancy goods shop. Made two unsuccessful runs for Parliament in the early 1880s, although his stances, which earned him the nickname of “the Red Doctor,” were far too radical for his projected constituency. Unrepentant and active until the end, he died suddenly from stomach ulcers, leaving his family in dire financial straits. Inner: Staunchly utopian, with a radical agenda that never faded with age. Largely impractical, putting all his coin in his activism, and virtually none in supporting himself and his family, despite a genuine and mutual loving relationship with it. In-your-face lifetime of being in the forefront of progressive politics and on the back burner of his mundane day-to-day existence, which he would remedy in his more complete next go-round in this series.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS CONSERVATIVE CONTROVERSIALIST:
Storyline: The neocon networker finds a far more effective and self-empowering powerbase in electronic journalism, than she did in the past, as a ping-ponging idealogue, who ultimately found her way to her current politically philosophy, after first embracing its complete opposite.
Michelle Malkin (Michelle Maglalang) (1970) - American writer and political commentator. Outer: Parents were Filipino born and had immigrated to America shortly before their daughter’s birth. Father was a doctor, mother was a teacher. Petite and slim, and raised a Roman Catholic. Majored in English at Oberlin College, which she felt was a hotbed of leftist sentiments. In 1993, she married Jesse Malkin, a former economist for the RAND Corporation, two daughters from the union, which would see her partner as househusband, while she became the family’s basic mealticket. Began her journalistic career at the Los Angeles Daily News, working as a columnist from 1992 to 1994. Continued in that capacty in Seattle for The Seattle Times, before beoming a nationally sundicated columnist at the end of the century. Television appearances on the Fox News channel, particularly as substitute host for Bill O’Reailly, subsequently made her an extremely well-known figure, with her strongly traditionalist overview, although she would eventually leave the show, feeling it had not truly supported her. Published her first best-seller, “Invasion: How America Still Welcomes Terrorists, Criminals and Other Foreign Menaces,” in 2002, and followed it up with similar xenophobic and anti-liberal tomes, all of which were eagerly snatched up by her considerable audience. Defended the forced internment of Japanese-Americans in WW II in another volume, “In Defense of Internment: The Case for Racial Profiling in World War II and the War on Terror,” which did little to endear her to that community. In 2004, she launched a highly popular political blog, to become one of the country’s major conservative voices, although her various stances would cause several newspapers to drop her column. Comments by her readers led to the racist and obscene and she soon cancelled that feature, before expanding to a larger server in 2007, over which she had more control. The previous year she founded Hot Air, an Internet broadcast network, which would provide a daily forum to institute her reformist zeal for what she deems wrong in American life. The recipient of much contumely as well as hate mail, she remains unafraid of confrontation and controversy, as a self-designated voice of dissent to what she sees as hypocritical liberal America. Inner: Seen as shrill and strident by some, and a champion of old-fashioned values by others, who cheer her confrontational style. Powertripping lifetime of finding her true voice at life’s beginning, rather than mid-course as in her earlier go-round in this series, and using it as a spur to put her stage center in the ongoing dividing discourses of her times. Adela Pankhurst (1885-1961) - English/Australian activist. Outer: Mother was activist and suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst (Camille Paglia), father was Richard Pankhurst (William Kunstler), a progressive barrister a quarter century his wife’s senior, who died of a perforated ulcer when she was 13. Small and suffered paralytic weakness, which prevented her from walking until the age of 3. Ultimately was under 5’ tall. Had two older sisters, Christabel (Rachel Maddow) and Sylvia (Melissa Harris-Lacewell) as well as one older and one younger brother, the elder of whom died of diphtheria as a child, while the second became paralyzed with polio and passed on at 21. Grew up in a highly political household, and like her sisters was educated the Manchester High School for girls, and then the Disley Road school, where she studied to become a teacher. Never completed her training, but was deeply moved by the impoverished children she saw during it. After working as a primary school teacher, she became involved in the Women’s Social and Political Union, which was co-founded by her mother and Christabel, as well as others in 1903. Became a paid organizer for the organization, and became interested in improving conditions for working-class women through her work. A compelling speaker, who spoke rapidly with a light voice, she was imprisoned several times, until chronic bronchitis caused her to withdraw from the work. Trained in agriculture at Studley College, before going to Italy. The most radical and idealogically inconsistent of the entire Pankhurst brood, ultimately moving from extreme leftist to extreme rightist sentiments. Broke with Christabel and her mother over their support for Britain’s active involvement in WW I, and like her sister Sylvia, became an active pacifist, which caused a huge family rift. Emigrated to Australia at war’s outbreak with only £20, and used her organizationaland speaking skills for the continent’s peace movement, creating the Women’s Peace Army and writing “Put Up the Sword,” as her answer to conscription and militarization. Married Tom Walsh, an Irish trade union seaman and widower some 14 years her senior, in 1917, in what would be a close union, and in 1920, along with her husband, became a founding member of the Communist Party of Australia. One son and three daughters. Later disavowed her beliefs, and in 1928, after being expelled from the party, founded an anti-communist group, the Australian Women’s Guild of Empire, to help working-class women and children. Grew ever more dogmatic and chauvinistic as she lurched further and further to the right, to the point where she briefly flirted with fascism. By 1941, she had moved all the way over to the right, as a co-founder of the the nationalistic Australia First Movement. Continued her anti-war activism, and in 1942, she was arrested and interred for having advocated peace with Japan. Released six months later after beginning a hunger strike. Following the loss of her favorite daughter and her husband’s death in 1943, she ended her public life. Became a nurse, focusing on developmentally challenge children. Converted to Catholicism just before she died, and was buried with Catholic rites next to her husband in a Unitarian cemetery as the last surviving member of her generation of her family. Inner: Likable and a diligent organizer, no matter her belief. Excellent speaker with good administrative skills, and unafraid of stirring controversy. An optimist at heart, with an extremely generous, giving nature, who made friends easily. Seesawing lifetime of coming in via an ultra-liberal family, and exiting on the opposite political extreme, while always remaining commited to whatever ideology she embraced, no matter the consequences.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS PRECEDENT-SETTING PUNDIT:
Storyline: The kindhearted commentator allows her humanity to shine through in an electronic environment not known for its clarity or courtesy, in her ongoing self-appointed role in making the world a far more whole-souled place for all who live in it.
Rachel Maddow (1973) - American TV and radio commentator. Outer: Mother was a Canadian-born school program administrator, father was a lawyer. One older brother. Grew up in a suburb in the east San Francisco Bay area. A good athlete in high school, where she lettered in three sports, she received several small-college athletic scholarships, although passed on them because of a shoulder injury incurred while playing volleyball, and a desire to engage herself in the larger world’s inequities, having come to terms early on with her sexual preference for her own gender. Joined ACT UP and the AIDS Legal Referral Panel while attending Stanford Univ., and worked for radical prison reform, including hospice space for dying prisoners. Received a degree in public policy from Stanford, before winning a prestigious fellowship, then a Rhodes Scholarship in 1995, becoming the first openly homophile American to receive the award. Shaved her head in response, save for one lock which she died blue to show her compeers she had not gone establishment, then transmuted the honor into an eventual Doctor of Philosophy in political science from Lincoln College, Oxford University. initially felt out of place there, and after a few montrhs, moved to London, and became general manager of an AIDS project, before returning to the U.S., and finishing her dissertion there. Continued her prison AIDS work and took on a variety of jobs, including landscaper, where she met the love of her life, Susan Mikula, an artist/photographer in 1999, and the two have cohabited ever since, sharing space in a spacious 1865 Massachusetts farmhouse, and a cramped NYC apartment. Became a radio sidekick in Holyoke, Massachusetts after winning a contest for saidsame, then continued hosting for another station, before joining the newly created Air America in 2004. Eventually won her own eponymous late afternoon weekday two-hour slot on it in 2005, while broadcasting from NYC. Began appearing on a variety of cable news shows as a guest commentator, panelist and host, before joining the MSNBC nightly lineup in the fall of 2008, with the same-named show. Deliberately unstylish, with a matter-of-fact understated presence, unlike most of her video cohorts. A protégé of the lead-in program’s host Keith Olbermann, she quickly established herself in her time slot, doubling the audience of her predecessor, while letting it remain a work-in-progess. Once more breaking precedent as the first openly same-sex host of an opinion-news show, she has shown an ongoing drawing power through her ability to intelligently present her liberal bias, and take on opposing voices in debate, most notably conservative curmudgeon Patrick Buchanan. In 1992, she had been horrified by his “culture war” speech at the Republican National Convention, making their mini-debates a subtle healing process as well, for the still very much divided country over the same issues. Inner: Highly personable, articulate and kindly, with a self-deprecating modesty, and a generosity of soul that easily comes across on the air. Workaholic, finding meaning in her labors, while harboring a genuine desire to change the world. Presents herself as post-gay, in a world still grappling with its alternative sexual fears. Humane lifetime of rising to the media forefront as an alternative voice of tolerance, hope and charity, in her ongoing need and desire to alter the world for the better. Christabel Pankhurst (Christabel Harriette Pankhurst) (1880-1958) - English/American reformer and evangelist. Outer: Mother was activist and suffragette Emmeline Pankhurst (Camille Paglia), father was Richard Pankhurst (William Kunstler), a progressive barrister a quarter century his wife’s senior, who died of a perforated ulcer when she was 17. Had two younger sisters, Sylvia (Melissa Harris-Lacewell) and Adela (Michelle Malkin), as well as two brothers, the elder of whom died of diphtheria as a child, while the second became paralyzed with polio and passed on at 21. Originally wanted to be a dancer. Adored by both her parents, she had a particularly strong bond with her mother that her sisters did not. Read at early age, and was initially educated at home. Originally wanted to be a dancer. Went to a local girl’s high school, and was imbued by her parents with a spirit of helping those less fortunate than she. In 1896, she moved to Geneva to learn French at the home of a family friend, before returning to England. In 1903, she co-founded the Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU), along with her mother and others. An outburst at a Liberal Party meeting two years later, led to her arrest for “assaulting” police officers. After refusing to pay the fines imposed on her, she was jailed, and the resultant publicity attracted many women to her movement, which became increasingly militant. Got a degree in law in 1906, although was not allowed to practice because of her gender. The WSPU would go on to become an in-your-face movement, targeting Liberal candidates, disrupting cabinet meetings, and marching under the banner of Suffragettes, with equality and the right for female enfranchisement uppermost on their agenda, although she believed that only women of money and property should gain the vote. Further rallies earned her the sobriquet of “Queen of the Mob.” Received her third short prison sentence in 1909, by which time she had become such a celebrity that she was included in Madame Tussaud’s famous waxworks museum. Continued her activism, as the WSPU became ever more militant under her influence, before she was finally forced to flee to Paris to avoid arrest. On her return in 1913, she was given a three year sentence, but a hunger strike shortened it to 30 days. Had a falling-out with her sister Sylvia over the latter’s pacifism, which was never healed, and at the outset of WW I, she and her mother called off their campaign in order to put their full focus on the war effort. Toured the U.S. and Canada and later the newly formed Soviet Union to encourage the military mobilization of men and industrial mobilization of women, while their newspaper, “The Suffragette” transformed itself into “Britannia,” a clarion call for Germany’s defeat. Through it, she became a self-appointed Fury in service to Britain’s martial needs. After women over 30 were given the right to vote in 1918, she stood for Parliament, but was narrowly defeated by a Labour candidate. Went on a lecture tour of the U.S. afterwards, and for the rest of her life, would move back and forth between the two countries. After turning her primary mode of expression to writing, she found herself more attracted to religious movements by the beginning of the 1920s, and began to preach as a Second Adventist, predicting the Second Coming of the Christ. Published a pair of religious works during the first half of the decade, and predicted Europe would be ruled by a dictator who would be the forerunner of the Antichrist. Continued her writing, and in 1928, suffered the death of her mother, just weeks after women gained the same voting rights as men in England. Spent most of the 1930s in England, with occasional tours of the U.S. and in 1936, was made a Dame Commander of the British Empire. Became the beneficiary of the wills of at least three of her admirers, while living comfortably off the income from her books and lectures. At decade’s end, she moved to Los Angeles, and largely retired from public life. During that time, she was involved in an auto accident, where her friend the driver was killed. Found dead of heart failure sitting bolt upright in her chair by her landlady after giving a speech on an essay she had written about her mother. Such was her reputation as a controversialist, even after nearly two decades outside the public eye, that her demise was rumored to have been a suicide. Inner: Militant, fervent, imperious and charismatic. A natural leader who eventually switched from secular to religious concerns, with an ongoing desire to save and uplift. Crusader lifetime of militantly confronting social inequities and spiritual iniquities before returning in less perfervid form, to bring her strong crypto-Christian, even to herself, sensibilities to an even larger audience in far less militant and threatening form, despite going against the traditional sexual grain.

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PATHWAY OF THE PROFESSORIAL JOURNALIST AS SOCIAL STIMULATOR:
Storyline: The instructive instructor reintegrates herself directly into her earlier fascination with African culture, to become an explicator and analysand for it in its American milieu, as a means of stimulating others to think and rethink themselves and their larger environs.
Melissa Harris-Lacewell (Melissa Victoria Harris) (1973) - American political scientist, media personality and writer. Outer: Of African-American descent on her father’s side. Father was the dean of Afro-American affairs at the Univ. of Virginia. Mother, who was white, taught at a community college and worked for nonprofits that helped poor communities. Never thought of herself as biracial, totally identifying with her paternal genetic line. Both her parents were previously married, so that her half-siblings are divided along the racial ancestral roots of each. Experienced racism while growing up in Virginia, and vowed to dedicate herself to deal with its debilitating and toxic social effects. Received a B.A. in English from Wake Forest Univ., where she founded the Nia House, the school’s first African-American themed domicile, where she got her first experience as a teacher, leading livingroom discussions on race, gender and politics. Got her Ph.D. in political science from Duke Univ., and later received an honoris causa doctorate from Meadville Lombard Theological School in Chicago, a Unitarian-Universalist institution. After teaching at various levels, including the Univ. of Chicago, she became an Associate Professor of Politics and African-American Studies at Princeton Univ. in her early 30s. Encouraged her students to challenge and disagree with her if they wished, in her desire to open them up to their own articularity, rather than merely impress them with her own. A prolific writer and telegenic TV commentator, she has fashioned a high profile career for herself, in both print and electronic media, with a focus on African-American political and religious thought. Her best known work is the award-winning “Barbershops, Bibles and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought,” which was originally her dissertation. As a media personality, she has appeared in numerous scholarly journals and newspapers, while regularly contributing to NPR, and gadflying about the country as a well-honed voice of justice and equality. An intellectual activist, she has used her vaunted academic position to explore the black American experience from the vantagepoint of expanding its understanding of itself and its ability to creatively and expressively deal with the many issues that lie at the heart of being a minority in a country whose fears still outweigh its sense of inclusiveness. Also a reproductive rights spokeswoman. Married and divorced, with one daughter, Parker, whom she often brings to lectures and class outings. Inner: Excellent communicator with a slight lisp. Warm, accessible and driven to open America up to its larger heart. Teacherly lifetime of diving headfirst into an earlier fascination of hers, African culture, to become an authority and an ongoing disseminator and integrator of its volatile and often misunderstood American offshoot. Sylvia Pankhurst (Estelle Sylvia Pankhurst) (1882-1960) - English reformer and socialist. Outer: Mother was activist Emmeline Pankhurst (Camille Paglia). Father, Richard Pankhurst (William Kunstler) was a barrister who died of a perforated ulcer when she was 16. Younger sister of activist Christabel Pankhurst (Rachel Maddow), and older sister of pacifist Adela Pankhurst (Miichelle Malkin). Also had two younger brothers, the elder of whom died in childhood of diphtheria, while the second became paralyzed from polio and exited at 21. Keenly aware of her mother’s favoritism towards her older sister. Educated at a local girl’s high school, but felt embarrassed that she was a product of privilege, because of her own sympathies for the working-class. A talented artist and graphic designer, she studied at the Royal College of Art, although eventually abandoned that calling to concentrate on social activism. After her mother and Christabel formed the Women’s Social and Political Union, (WSPU) in 1903, she threw herself into the fight for women’s right to vote, and wound up being arrested more than any other Suffragette. Unlike the former two, she also retained a strong interest in the labor movement. Always insisted on wearing unstylish clothing and no make-up, since she felt the latter revealed a slave mentality. Broke with her mother and sister in 1914 over their support for Britain’s war effort in WW I, and the family rift was never healed, as both she and Adela became active pacifists. Set up the East London Federation of Suffragettes (ELFS) which eventually became a socialist organization under the name of the Workers’ Socialist Federation. Published the “Workers Dreadnought,” and in direct opposition to her mother and sister, organized against the war, and also hid pacifists who refused to fight. Moved ever leftward in her beliefs, briefly aligning with the British Communist Party, before redefining herself as a less doctrinaire leftist. Imprisoned in 1920 for political articles that were written in her name by an American journalist, and wrote literature on a variety of subjects her entire life. Refused to relinquish her name or identity to marriage when she began cohabiting with Silvio Corio, an Italian socialist. Had a son with him, but her refusal to marry the latter caused a final break with her mother, who would die the following year. By the mid-1920s, her interests turned to antifascism and anti-colonial movements. Also had a lifelong interest in the care of mothers and babies. When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1936, she became an ardent supporter of its emperor, Hailie Selassie, and began involving herself in Ethiopian affairs. Raised money for the country’s first teaching hospital, and also immersed herself in its arts and culture, writing extensively about the two. When Ethiopia was liberated in the aftermath of WW II, she supported a union between it and the former Italian Somaliland, while serving as an adviser to Selassie. Two years after her partner’s death in 1954, she moved to the country’s capital Addis Ababa, along with her son, who settled there permanently, and founded a monthly journal, “Ethiopia Observer.” Given a full state funeral at her death there, and became the only foreigner buried in a cemetery reserved for Ethiopean war heroes. Inner: Warm and compassionate, despite exhibiting the family tendency towawards autocracy. Arrogant, impatient and unwilling to compromise, which also limited her effectiveness. Extremely involved in social issues her entire life, with a far greater agenda than the other members of her family, with her sympathies extending to not only gender issues, but class and racial ones as well. Suffered from headaches and neuralgia. Highly active activist lifetime of putting her passions into a variety of causes, while refusing to compromise any of her beliefs, even at the price of family harmony and unity.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS SPLIT PERSONALITY:
Storyline: The twin advice-givers disconnect and reconnect in order to separate their desired experiences before uniting to do what they do best: promoting commonsensical self-help, which became their liberating proviso, as well.
Fanny Fern (Sara Payson Willis Parton) (1811-1872) - American journalist. Outer: Father was an anti-Federalist editor. Grew up in a middle-class Calvinist family, as the 5th of 8 children. Attended Catharine Beecher’s Seminary, where she was known as “Sal Volatile,” as one of the school’s best-liked but worst-behaved students. Briefly attended Saugus Female Seminary, before returning home, where she edited and contributed to her sire’s two Christian periodicals. Large and florid. In 1837, she married Charles Eldredge, a banker. Three daughters from the close union, until death’s dark hand serially took her mother, a sister, her oldest daughter, and then her husband. Nearly destitute, she worked as a seamstress and teacher, before remarrying in 1849 to Samuel Farrington, a merchant, and an abusive, controlling mate. Ran away from him two years later, and was shunned by her family for the action, forcing her to turn to writing to survive. Began with short stories, which first appeared in a Boston paper, and with her success, she was able to divorce. After a NY publisher brought out a collection of her work, “Fern’s Leaves,” her reputation was established. In 1855, she joined the staff of the New York Ledger, and for the rest of her life, penned a weekly column in a conversational style. Wrote on family, religion, women’s rights and sexual issues, with a range from the moral to the sentimental to the satirical. Caused a literary scandal with an unusually personal and autobiographical novel, “Ruth Hall,” that sold 50,000 copies in its first 8 months, but shocked everyone who appeared in thinly disguised form in it. Deeply hurt by the criticism she received for being so unwomanly in her desire to avenge past wounds at their hands. In 1856, she wed James Barton, an editor who had long been supportive of her work, and raised the daughter of her own deceased daughter. Continued as columnist for the rest of her life, while supporting the women’s suffrage movement. Co-founded Sorosis, a woman’s club in NYC. Battled cancer the last half dozen years of her life, before succumbing to the dis/ease. In addition to her columns and novels, she also penned three books for children. Inner: Effervescent, argumentative and extremely self-assured. Pugnacious, optimistic and commonsensical. Evinced a breathless writing style with many dots and dashes. Believed in individualism and self-help. A good-humored scold, who did by example rather than offering solutions to longheld problems of women’s subservient role. Unifying lifetime of integrating her two halves, and winning the love and affection of a score of readers through her role as an unusual media personality for her time. Ann Landers (Esther Pauline Friedman) (1918-2002) - American advice columnist. Outer: Father was a Russian Jewish immigrant who eventually owned several movie theaters. Twin sister and same being as fellow advice columnist Abigail Van Buren. Known as Eppie as a child. The duo dressed alike until they were married on the same day, right before their 21st birthday. Tiny, although usually wore heels and a bouffant hair-do to elevate herself. Left Morningside College, where she and her sister did a gossip column, ‘The Campus Rats,’ after 3 1/2 years to marry Julius Lederer, without completing her degree. Both her and her sister’s husband were best friends of one another. One daughter from the union, who wound up being divorced thrice. Spent 16 years as a homemaker as her husband built up a rent-a-car business. The family moved to Chicago, and she applied for an advice column position on a Chicago newspaper in her late 30s. Became a household name from it with her down-to-earth sentiments, after winning the position from over 30 candidates, thanks to eliciting advice from high-powered friends. The sisters had a competitive falling out for a while, but eventually resumed their close relationship. After over 30 years of marriage, her husband had a 3 year affair, and she announced in her column she was divorcing him. Led a very active life, with a staff to help her cull thousands of letters that she received each week in her 4 decade career. Used to read them in her bathtub in her 11 room Chicago apartment, while always searching for teaching tools through them. Received numerous honorary degrees, and remained highly social into her old age, with a proclivity for older priests as companions. Died of multiple myeloma, a cancer of the bone marrow. Inner: Night owl, rarely rising before noon, then working til 2 A.M. Extremely positive and upbeat, as well as liberal and commonsensical. Great desire to fix the world. Parallel lifetime of dividing in twain with her twin in order to experience divorce as a self-redesigning phenomenon. Abigail Van Buren (Pauline Esther Friedman) (1918) - American advice columnist. Outer: Father was a Russian Jewish immigrant who eventually owned several movie theaters. Twin sister and same being as fellow advice columnist Ann Landers. Known as Popo as a child. Initially wanted to be a musician. Like her sister, she was an excellent student, but did not finish Morningside College, although the pair did a gossip column, the Campus Rats. The duo dressed alike until they were married on the same day, 2 days before their 21st birthday. 5’2”, 108 lbs. Her spouse, Morton Phillips, was a liquor heir and businessman, and both husbands were best friends of one another. Son and daughter from her marriage. Lived in the midwest, then moved to San Francisco, where she was active in philanthropic causes, and worked as a hospital volunteer. Helped her sister with the mail on her Ann Landers advice column, and then several months later, began a competing column with the same practical sense of advice in the San Francisco Chronicle in 1956. Invented her name, unconsciously taking it from the last part of earlier life’s pseudonym, while her sister picked from the first name. Exactly like her sister in her tart answers and beliefs in her columns. Held to traditional views in both her use of religion and standard psychology as her moral base, feeling women who can’t make marriage work must have something wrong with them, her sister excepted. The duo were always very close, despite a period of competitive hostility later on in life. Despite her long career, her husband and children always came first. Received about 3000 letters a week, which her daughter helped to categorize. Lived well via her talents at communication, but eventually slipped off into Alzheimer’s, so that her daughter had to take over the column. Inner: Extremely positive and upbeat, as well as liberal and commonsensical. Clothes conscious, material and traditional. Parallel lifetime of dividing in twain from her twin in order to experience herself doubly in alternating versions of the same public role.

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PATHWAY OF THE REFORMER AS LONG/LIVED FEMINIST:
Storyline: The combative Quaker pits her unshakeable zeal against any and all forces and proves to be singularly effective in all causes she confrontationally undertakes.
Alice Paul (1885-1977) - American reformer. Outer: From a well-to-do Quaker family, studied at private schools. Educated at Swarthmore and the NY School of Philanthropy, ultimately getting a Ph.D. from the Univ. of Pennsylvania, before publishing The Legal Position of Women in Pennsylvania. In 1906, she continued her studies in England and then became involved in settlement work and the British women’s movement. Arrested 6 times and imprisoned thrice after suffrage demonstrations, and was also force-fed after refusing to eat while in incarceration. Returned to the U.S. and began organizing suffrage parades in NYC. Made head of the congressional committee of the National American Woman’s Suffrage Alliance in 1912, but later left to form an even more militant group, which became the Woman’s Party. Became a heroinic figure to some and an anathema to others, with a nationwide tour attacking Democratic candidates for not supporting suffrage, and then leading demonstrations against WW I, and America’s involvement in it. When women were finally enfranchised in 1920, she began campaigning for a complementary Equal Rights Amendment, and continued her activism in the service of more power for women throughout her long life. Unable, however, to understand the need for women of color or birth control advocates to seek out their own rights, seeing them as interlopers and diluters of her own movement. Received a law degree from the Washington College of Law in 1922 and a master’s and doctor’s degrees from American Univ. in 1927 and 1928. Contended that if women were allowed to exert their political power, the world would not have to resort to such bellicose measures to solve its problems. Elected chairwoman of the National Woman’s party in 1942, and continued to work for the ERA, which was partially realized in 1970. Suffered a stroke at 89 and died 3 years later. Inner: Charismatic, obsessive, deeply principled. Excellent tactician and propagandist. Extremely tenacious, able to win others to her point of view, although unable to see beyond her own specific agenda. Confrontative lifetime of actively being in the trenches to defend her beliefs, while testing her will against an entrenched public. Lucretia Mott (Lucretia Coffin) (1793-1880) - American reformer. Outer: Mother was a shopkeeper, relying on her daughter for household chores. Father was a whaler and sea captain, who was often away from the family for months and sometimes years. Moved with her family to Boston at 11, and then became a student, then a teacher at the Nine Partners Boarding School, a Quaker academy near Poughkeepsie, New York. In 1811, she began a happy marriage to James Mott, a like-minded reformer, and fellow teacher. Developed an interest in equal rights through the unequal salaries the teacher’s received, despite all students having to pay the same tuition. Began speaking at Quaker meetings in her mid-20s and was designated a minister in the Society of Friends several years later. When the Quakers split, she sided with the liberals and remained a champion of intellectual freedom and practical righteousness. Also quite interested in educational reform, the problems of the working class and poor and the antislavery movement. In 1833, she was the only woman to participate at the national anti-slavery convention in Philadelphia. The same year she helped found the Philadelphia Female Anti-Slavery Society and remained a member of its executive board for most of its run. A persuasive public speaker, calm, comely and erect, and also a major leader of several antislavery conventions of American women. In addition, she was one of the three original female members of the executive committee of the American Anti-Slavery Society and was a delegate to the 1840 world antislavery convention in London, where she was refused a seat because of her gender, which enraged her. Famous in reform circles, she joined Elizabeth Cady Stanton (Betty Friedan) in organizing the first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848, and was probably the most popular and influential feminist of her day. During the 1850s, her home became a sanctuary for runaway slaves and a major center of reform activity of many types. Supported the Union during the Civil War despite a lifelong stand of pacifism. Presided at the initial Equal Rights Convention of 1866. In later years she continued to work for liberal religious causes, temperance, women’s rights and world peace. Died peacefully at home in her late 80s. Inner: Sprightly, impulsive, cheerful and energetic. Dignified, friendly and principled. Also modest and reserved. Saw everyone as divine from within, and equal under the eyes of God. Had little use for theology and open contempt for dogma. Felt life’s theme was “to preach liberty to the captive.” Activist lifetime of embodying the radical humanitarian reforms of the 19th century.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS INCORRUPTIBLE TRUTH-SEEKER:
Storyline: The high-minded harbinger brings integrity and candor to the subjective realm of journalism and helps set the precedents by which all who follow him are measured.
Edward R. Murrow (Egbert Roscoe Murrow) (1908-1965) - American journalist. Outer: Of English, Scotch, Irish and German descent. Descendant of dissenters, southern Quakers who supported the Union and opposed slavery. One of three brothers. Born on a North Carolina dirt farm, while his father was a logging and locomotive engineer. Worked as a farmhand as a boy, and later in logging camps, developing an early love of language from Bible reading, while he grew up with a background of frontierism, labor strikes and violence. Graduated from Washington State College, where he dropped his hated first name and began calling himself Edward. Became president of the National Student Federation and traveled extensively throughout the U.S. and Europe. 2 years later, he was appointed an assistant director of the Institute of International Education, and later helped resettle many German anti-Nazi intellectuals. A chain-smoker, he inhaled 2 to 3 packs a day of unfiltered Camels for 30 years. In his late 20s, he joined the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) as director of its educational programs. Married Janet Huntington Brewster in his mid-20s, one son, and his wife later became a correspondent for CBS, before giving up journalism after WW II. Sent to London in 1937 to take charge of CBS’s European Bureau and while in Europe, he covered the 1938 occupation of Austria, helping to establish radio as a primary news medium. After WW II began, he reported on the blitz of London, often flying with RAF pilots, while using his extraordinary descriptive abilities to put the listener right where he was. Broadcast from London during the war, where he established his subsequent reputation as the preeminent American electronic journalist of his time, thanks in part to a rich, deep baritone, and an innate sense of the dramatic. Flew 25 missions, and saw his office bombed three times, but always escaped injury. This period would subsequently be the highpoint of his life, thanks in large part to being allowed to report hard facts, which were of less importance to the stewards of his later career in television. Had an affair with enchantress Pamela Harriman, but came back to his wife after the birth of their child. Also involved with actress Marlene Dietrich. Returned to the U.S. after the war and became vice-president in charge of news, education and discussion programs. The following year, he resumed his evening radio news broadcasts. Became a pioneer in early television news with his adopted radio show of “Hear It Now,” which became “See It Now.” Thanks to his charismatic camera presence, he would rewrite the nation’s notion of a newsman, while adding the posture of advocate, which, ironically, would lessen his pure journalistic credentials, and make him far more of a dramatic persona, than an objective newsman. Won 4 Peabody Awards for excellence in broadcasting in the 1940s and early 1950s. Despite his authoritative presence, he suffered from mike fright, which caused him to sweat and his legs to shake. Created “Person-to-Person,” a popular interview program in which the camera went into the homes of celebrities. In 1954, he helped bring about the downfall of Senator Joe McCarthy, by exposing him as a threat to American civil liberties, although always felt uneasy about the attack, which came when the senator was in eclipse, rather than at the height of his power. A subsequent speech in which he lambasted commercial interest over public interest, did not enamor him to the network. Took a leave of absence from CBS at the end of the 1950s for a world trip and finally left them 2 years later to become director of the U.S. Information Agency, at a tenth of his former salary. Insisted on dealing with the full scope of America, including its ills and racial tensions. Made a Knight of the British Empire, towards the end of his life for his war contributions. His left lung was removed in 1963, and because of declining health, he resigned a year before his inevitable death from lung cancer. Inner: Honest, principled, honorable. Transformed himself from his own innate shyness to a polished broadcaster. Subject of deep, dark depressions, and extremely uncomfortable with fame. Ethical lifetime of setting the journalistic standard for the electronic broadcast media, while unconsciously paving the way for all the talking, smoke-blowing completely subjective, advocating heads who would follow. Edwin Godkin (1831-1902) - Irish/American journalist. Outer: Father was a clergyman and newspaper editor, who was involved in Irish causes. Delicate and precocious as a child. Graduated from Queen’s College in Belfast, then briefly studied law in London, before turning to journalism as his life’s calling. At 22, he published a sympathetic account of the Hungarian revolutionary movement. Covered the Crimean War as a correspondent for both the New York Times and London Daily News, then he lectured on the war and worked for a Belfast newspaper. In his late 20s, he married a woman of striking beauty and social gifts, 2 sons and daughter from the union, with the second son dying in infancy. When their daughter died at 8, his wife sank into deep depression and became an invalid, passing on 2 years later.Emigrated to the United States in his mid-30s and settled in NYC. Remarried, studied law and was admitted to the bar 2 years later. During the Civil War, he again served as correspondent for the London Daily News. After the fray, he launched the Nation, based on the English nonpartisan reviews, which became one of the country’s most influential weeklies. Served as its editor for 34 years, exerting enormous influence on the political and academic thinkers of the day. A liberal Republican in both politics and economics, he took strong stands on all the issues of the day, opposing American expansionism, deploring the excesses of urban-industrial society and fighting against the corruption and economic speculation prevalent in the Gilded Age of the latter half of the 19th century. Sold the Nation in the early 1880s to the owner of the New York Post, but remained its editor, and 2 years later also became editor of the Post, holding that position for the next 17 years. Became a Mugwump in the 1884 presidential election, leaving the Republican party to back the Democratic candidate, Grover Cleveland (Jerry Brown-Joseph Biden). Later became disillusioned with the mass democratic process and the future of civilization, and was far more mordant and pessimistic in his condemnations. In his last years, he published a number of works on American society, before succumbing to a stroke. His epitaph read, “Publicist, Economist, Moralist.” Brought a distinctive literary style to his work, as well as a brilliant sense of polemics. Inner: Intelligent, witty, with a strong social conscience and great charm. Independent, highly moral, a pre-eminent spokesman for liberal reform. Integrity-filled lifetime of bringing the English model of high-minded journalism to America, only to outlive his considerable, albeit limited, perceptions of an ever-expanded industrial society.

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PATHWAY OF THE POET AS CHRONICLER OF NORTHERN CALIFORNIA:
Storyline: The unrepentant punster identifies thoroughly with an urban landscape and becomes the bard of the Bay Area, enjoying a long run as a highly identifiable voice of his adopted city, as everybody’s favorite San Franciscaen.
Herb Caen (1916-1997) - American journalist. Outer: Father was French and Jewish, mother was German and not. Began his incipient journalistic career with a high school gossip column, “Raisin’ Caen,” while also working as a sports reporter with the Sacramento Union, while still in high school. Gained his nom de newspaper, when an editor slashed Herbert back to Herb, stating the former was a lousy name for a sportswriter. Served as a columnist for 4 years before moving to San Francisco, where he was hired by the SF Chronicle in 1936 to write a radio column. Quickly became a city institution, with a column for 14 years, before switching over to the SF Examiner for 8 more, and then finishing up by spending nearly 4 decades on the Chronicle again. Married a showgirl in 1941, divorced in 1948. His 2nd union was in his mid-30s to Sally Gilbert, and lasted from 1952 to 1959, while his third to Maria Shaw went from 1963 to 1974, and produced his only child, a son, whom he frequently mentioned in his columns. Made a fourth and final marriage towards the end of his life to Ann Moller. Became the voice of San Francisco through his columnar chronicles, with a penchant for puns. At the height of his career, he received more than 45,000 letters and 24,000 phone calls a year, and always tried to acknowledge as many of them as possible. Wrote in the morning, held court in public places in the afternoon, and hung out in the evening as a ubiquitous social presence. As a practitioner of three-dot journalism, he offered the briefest of stories, observations, and later reminiscences, with a particular appreciation of ironies, wordplay and amusing anecdote. Coined the term ‘beatnik,’ as well as the descriptive “Baghdad by the Bay,” for his beloved San Francisco and wound up his life as an institution of that city, growing more nostalgic as he grew older, with a sense of loss as his past slowly disappeared. Played a pivotal role in settling the 1994 Newspaper Guild strike against San Francisco’s papers by leading its star columnists in a public pledge not to return to work until all employees did. Won a special Pulitzer Prize at 80, and also had June 14th proclaimed Herb Caen Day in San Francisco, during which time, 75,000 people showed up to honor him. Died of lung cancer. Inner: Highly gregarious, good-humored, with an amusing feel for language, and a strong identification with his adopted urban environment. Urban legend lifetime of intertwining his career with the city of San Francisco, becoming its longtime Chronicle examiner and Examiner chronicler. Bret Harte (Francis Bret Harte) (1836-1902) - American journalist and writer. Outer: Grandfather was a prosperous NY Jewish merchant. Father was a professor of Greek who was constantly moving about, and never satisfied or successful in any of his undertakings. Frail as a child because of ill health, he used books as an escape from his vulnerable physicality. Eventually reached medium height, with a slight build, and his face pitted by smallpox scars. Following his sire’s death in 1845, he had a common-school education, and at 17, the family moved out west to Oakland, California, where his mother remarried. Became a teacher, clerk and miner, learned the printer’s trade, and had numerous odd jobs, before hooking up with a weekly newspaper. After decrying a drunken massacre by whites of indigenes in 1860 in an editorial, he was run out of town. Made San Francisco his base afterwards, where he worked as a typesetter, while contributing poems, articles and short stories to a local periodical, signing them either ‘Bret’ or ‘The Bohemian.’ In 1862, he married Anna Griswold, 2 sons and 2 daughters from the union. Got a job as a superintendent's secretary of the U.S. Mint, which gave him the wherewithal to freelance, and he began utilizing his experience in the mining camps for popular fodder, as well as branching into other genres, doing book reviews, literary criticism and writing plays. In 1867, he helped establish the Overland Monthly, the first Pacific coast literary magazine, where his verse and short stories began appearing. Best remembered for “The Luck of Roaring Camp,” which brought him wide-spread fame, as well as “The Outcasts of Poker Flat.” Became a friend of writer Mark Twain’s (Kurt Vonnegut), and the town of Twain-Harte, California, was eventually named after them. In 1871, having won wide recognition, he went back east, where his reputation preceded him, first to Boston, then to NYC. Got a whopping $10,000 contract from The Atlantic Monthly for a year’s worth of material, although its editor, William Dean Howells (John Updike), was not impressed with his submissions, since his rough-hewn western ways were not in keeping with polite eastern aesthetics. Wrote a play with Twain, although the two wound up bitterly quarreling over his loose practices, and parted acrimoniously. Under continued financial strain because of his disregard for money, he eventually wangled an appointment as U.S. consul to Prussia in 1878, then Scotland until 1885, before settling in London, where he was ultimately joined by his wife n, although the latter chose not to live with him. Instead he dwelt at the estate of his agent, Madame Hydeline Van de Velde, who maintained him through his later years. Continued churning out volumes of volumes over his last decade, although his audience eventually grew tired of his repetitive tales. Died of cancer of the throat at his agent’s estate, and was buried in England. Inner: Sharp-witted, and master of the well-reported small incident in his work. Put great effort into his creations, but far less discipline into his own life. Belligerent and a spendthrift, he harbored a host of bad habits, from his loose-living gold rush days. Nomadic lifetime of finding a perfect landscape for his talent, and then rejecting it to pursue more worldly endeavors, before returning the next time around in this series to realize its full worth to him.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS TRUSTED TALKING TORSO:
Storyline: The avuncular anchor trades up from the devious realm of politricks to the even more devious arena of electronic communications, and wins universal plaudits for his trustability, likability and all-around ability at projecting objective, at least to himself, truths.
Walter Cronkite (Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr.) (1916-2009) - American TV journalist. Outer: Descended from Dutch merchants who settled in NYC. Only child of a dentist, who moved the family from Kansas City to Texas, where his son spent his teens, and was instilled with honesty as a prime virtue. Wanted to be a journalist from early on, and ran track in high school, while peddling magazines door-to-door and hawking newspapers. Attended the Univ. of Texas, but dropped out to work as a reporter on the Houston Post., then joined a radio station in Kansas City the following year as a news and sports editor. Briefly a football announcer, then worked for Braniff Airways before returning to journalism as a United Press correspondent. Covered many of the major battles of WW II, flew on bombing raids, parachuted into the Netherlands and waded ashore during the invasion of Normandy. After the war, he remained in Europe to establish UP bureaus in the low countries. Afterwards, he signed on as a Washington reporter for a group of midwestern radio stations. In his mid-20s, he married Mary Maxwell, a columnist and women’s editor, 2 daughters and a son from the union. Joined CBS news in 1950 and developed a fledgling news department for the station in Washington. Did his/storical reenactments on “You Are There,” as well as the “Morning Show.” Began covering presidential conventions in 1952, and became a fixture at them over the next 3 decades. In April of 1962, he anchored the first broadcast of the evening news on CBS, which was stretched to a half hour the following year. Had a long distinguished career as an avuncular voice of objective authority, becoming the preeminent TV journalist of the 1960s and 1970s, although by giving his own negative on-air opinion on the Vietnam War, convinced Pres. Lyndon Johnson he had lost middle America’s support. Had the courage to speak to Watergate, as well, as the story was beginning to crystalize in the early 1970s, despite extreme pressure from the White House. Won polls as “as most trusted man in America,” during that period, with his sonorous nightly conclusion to his deliveries, “And that’s the way it is.” Decided to retire as anchor at the age of 65, after having worked steadily since he was 16, although continued as a soothing voice of knowledgeability for PBS documentaries and special programs, as well as penning a syndicated newspaper column, in which he gave voice to his unabashed liberalism. An avid boatsman, he wrote his autobiography, A Reporter’s Life in 1997. Also a closet conductor from childhood, when he used to beat the baton to records from his old Victrola. Actualized his fantasy in the 1980s by becoming host for the Vienna Philharmonic’s New Year’s Day concerts, and it became an annual event for the next two decades. Lost his wife a couple of weeks before their 65th anniversary in 2005. Managed one final relationship his last years with Joanna Simon, the older sister of singer Carly Simon, who had also been widowed. Died at home surrounded by his family, of cerebrovascular disease, a weakening of the blood vessels leading to the brain. Inner: Highly active, albeit nonreflective. Always saw himself as an old-fashioned newsman. Disappointed at the end of his career with a lack of interest in him by longtime employer CBS, and felt betrayed by them. Inveterate joiner, member of many clubs and organizations. Gregarious with the ability to transform himself into an institution, through his highly partial impartiality, presence and strength of observation. Swedish anchormen were once known as Cronkiters, as emblem of his universal fame. Basically liberal in his convictions. Well-loved lifetime of setting a journalistic standard in an entirely new medium, and winning the plaudits of virtually one and all for his skills at delivering the news in believable “that’s the way it is” fashion, even when it wasn’t. Thurlow Weed (1797-1882) - American journalist and politician. Outer: Father was a poor, hardworking farmer, who was sometimes thrown into jail for debt. Apprenticed to a printer at 11 and later worked at a succession of printing jobs in central N.Y. state. Tall and dark, later known as “the Jolly Drummer,” for his salesmanship. Briefly served in the army as a private, and afterwards he became foreman of the Albany Register, where he wrote editorials in support of DeWitt Clinton’s (Theodore Roosevelt) plans to build the Erie Canal. Married Catherine Ostander in 1818, despite his wife’s family’s objections to his lack of prospects, 3 daughters, one son plus one adoptee from the union. Tried unsuccessfully to establish newspapers in several towns before moving to Rochester, New York where he worked for the Telegraph. Supported John Quincy Adams (Rob Lowe) for the presidency, then went to Albany to unite the supports of Adams and Henry Clay (Hubert Humphrey). Became an astute lobbyist and political manager through this experience. Elected to the state legislator as an Anti-Mason and purchased the Albany Telegraph, which he relinquished to publish the Anti-Mason Enquirer. For over the next 3 decades he published the Albany Evening Journal. During the 1830s, he brought many Anti-Masons into the newly formed Whig Party. Became one of the country’s most powerful behind-the-scenes politicians through his skillful use of patronage, his genial style and excellent managerial abilities. Helped elect William Seward (Howard Cosell) as governor of NY, and was a key figure in several presidential election campaigns. Joined the Republican party in 1855, after Seward’s election as senator. Later backed him against Abraham Lincoln (Dietrich Bonhoeffer), and when Seward became Secretary of State, he was sent to London to allay international tensions over an intercepted British ship. In 1863, he settled in NYC and became editor of the Commercial Advertiser after the war, while retiring from politics. Failing eyesight eventually curtailed his work, and he spent his latter years desultorily working on his autobiography. Inner: Gregarious, genial, shrewd, with an omnipresent cigar. Highly pragmatic, established the political patterns of 19th century presidential campaigns. Engaged lifetime of using his skills as communicator to further his political aims on a national scale, as a well-loved figure to all but his political enemies.

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PATHWAY OF THE PUBLISHER AS PERENNIAL PACKAGER OF FLESH:
Storyline: The epicurean entrepreneur continues to display his facility for giving the public what it wants, as he seamlessly transposes his industrial expertise from meat to skin, while adjusting his own publicly celebrated private life accordingly, despite deliberate illusions galore about himself.
Hugh Hefner (1926) - American publisher and entrepreneur. Outer: Of German-Swedish descent. Parents were devout Methodists and transplanted Nebraskans. Mother was the dominant figure in the household, maintaining a strict no-pleasure code, with sex a completely verboten topic. Father was an accountant for an aluminum company who worked late almost every night, and was barely a presence in the home. One younger brother, with both his sibling and his sire ultimately employed by his business empire. Extremely introverted, he used a rich fantasy life to counteract his upbringing, while dreaming of becoming a cartoonist. Known as ‘Hef’ from adolescence. After high school, he served in the Army for two years as a company clerk in a succession of replacement centers, then following his discharge, he went to the Univ. of Illinois, where he majored in psychology, and continued his fascination with art and creative writing, garnering some of the ideas he would later put in magazine form. 5’11 1/2”, and a gaunt 150 lbs., with extremely abstemious eating habits, downing only one meal a day. Edited the schools’ humor magazine “Shaft” while there, and also sold some of his cartoons to periodicals. Doubled down on classes and graduated in two and a half years, while marrying Millie Williams, his one and only high school girlfriend, in 1949, daughter and son from the union, including Christie who would eventually inherit the mantle of his empire. Devastated when his wife told him she wasn’t a virgin, and in recompense, she allowed him to work out her guilt by his own promiscuous behavior. The onus-laden marriage would last a decade, before ending in divorce long after it was unofficially over. Did graduate work at Northwestern Univ. in sociology, then worked as a copywriter for Esquire magazine. Decided to stay in Chicago, when the enterprise moved to NYC, and with $8000 from a coterie of 45 investors, launched Playboy magazine at the end of 1953 with actress Marilyn Monroe on the cover and uncovered inside. Subsequently become a feature of its pages, with his silk pajamas, bathrobe and pipe, pontificating on his pleasure-loving masculinist philosophy of the good life, and sexual freedom for the male of the species to leer and ogle at the impossibly large-breasted, waspwaisted creatures alluringly lighted within his magazine’s pages. In reality, he was a workaholic and poor mixer, who was given to moodiness, and extreme temperance. Even his picturesque pipe was rarely filled or smoked. His publication, with its combination of bare airbrushed female flesh, timely articles, interviews and libidinous cartoons, would prove a perfect antipuritanical antidote for its times, and be an immediate hit. With its highly materialistic philosophy based on what to own, wear and drive, and its unreal, unblemished women as fantasy objects for its leering readers, it soon had a loyal audience, more than willing to support its subsequent offshoots, including a TV show, “Playboy After Dark,” and a worldwide series of bunny barmaid establishments known as key clubs, which were inaugurated in 1960, and served as the financial ballast for his subsequent empire. In keeping with his playboy image, a Playboy mansion was erected in Chicago, dedicated to the erections of its visitors, although tales of drug-fueled parties would excite, in a nonsexual way, federal narcotics investigators, and he would be subject to periodic harassment over the years, including an arrest in 1963 for selling obscene material. Eventually he moved his entire operation to Los Angeles in the 1970s, there to take full advantage of Lotusland, as one of its more ostentatiously hedonistic citizens. Claiming to be uninterested in any women over 24, he would have an endless coterie of interchangeable “girlfriends,” selected from both the fold-out centerfold at the magazine’s heart, and various young publicity-hungry misses who wandered into his mansion lair. His key clubs would eventually wear thin, but the magazine literally continued to keep abreast with the times with a Playboy pay-for-view channel, and various other enterprises, so as to remain a highly viable organization into the new century. As its publisher, he has remained vitally involved with every aspect of the magazine, with himself and his social life as an ongoing feature. Admitted to dabbling in bisexuality in 1971, and later fessed up to popping Viagra in order to keep himself in play as a steadily aging playboy, while bragging he still had congress several times a week, even into his early 80s, although revelations by ex-girlfriends paint him as someone far more into illusions and control than actual actions. Suffered a stress-related stroke in 1985, which caused him to reassess his life, and, in 1989, he surprised everyone by marrying former Playmate of the Year Kimberley Conrad, two sons from the union, which would last about a decade, although never officially end in divorce, until he felt her money demands were too much in 2009. Remains an icon of hedonistic materialism, to those who worship at the altar of mammon, and a lightning rod of disgust and disparagement for those who see women as more than cup sizes. In 2010, he donated the last $900,000 needed to keep the landmark HOLLYWOOD sign safe from the destructive hands of rabid developers. Inner: Self-satisfied, extremely charitable, and able eventually to adopt his own philosophy, gradually loosening up from his somber, intense, asocial earlier self, although still a workaholic at heart. Lifelong Democrat, and a libertarian, with a tremendous need to be in absolute control, both of himself and his surroundings. Sleight-of-hand lifetime of living out his adolescent fantasies into his 80s, while very gradually opening himself up from the starched, repressed soul of his beginnings, to become a work-obsessed playboy of his times, with his need to let illusions trump realities remaining intact even into old age. Gustavus Swift (1839-1903) - American businessman. Outer: Of British descent, with his maternal ancestors having come over on the Mayflower. Parents ran a farm, where they raised and slaughtered cattle, sheep and pigs. 9th of 12 children. Had little interest in academics, and left school at 14, to join an older brother in his butcher shop, although saw little future in it. His progenitor loaned him $25 as an inducement not to move to Boston, and he used $19 of it to buy a heifer, and wound up making a $10 profit selling the meat door-to-door. In 1861, he married Annie Higgens, nine surviving children out of eleven from the union. Began building and buying a chain of butcher shops, in which he displayed his wares on white marble trays to their best effect. Expanded quickly, to become a wholesale cattle dealer, then in 1872, formed a partnership with a Boston meat dealer, which sent him steadily westward, until he arrived in 1875 in Chicago, the nation’s navel of cattle trade via its famed stockyards, which would become his subsequent base. Set up a highly efficient, albeit inadvertently unhealthy, operation, which would later be excoriated in Upton Sinclair’s “The Jungle.” Employed assembly-line techniques, as well as a completely integrated work system, that saw each step of the process carefully monitored and threaded through the one above and below it. A difficult boss, he was unsparing in his criticism of those who worked for him. In addition, he rarely gave praise, but recognized merit and was quick to give promotions for it, creating a loyal work force. Almost all his executives were brought up through the ranks, including the sons who came to work for him. Saw the inadequacy of the shipping system, which sent live cattle round the country on trains, and, instead began butchering and dressing them beforehand. Hired an engineer with his partner’s buyout money to create a refrigeration car, which used ice to cool its circulating air, and with another partner, began manufacturing refrigerated cars, while contracting and organizing all the elements involved in making them. Had a host of obstacles to overcome, including prejudices against innovative processes, but met each one doggedly. Ran into the railroad cartel, which made far more money from live beef, since they charged by the tonnage, and made far less with dressed beef. Used advertising to win over the public on his product’s freshness, and partnered with local butchers and an obscure rail line, so that by 1885, he was able to incorporate as a start-to-finish operation. Created a nationwide distribution and marketing system, while using everything but the “squeal” in his breakdown of animals into all sorts of other consumer products. Extremely charitable, he gave large sums of money to educational institutions, including Northwestern Univ.’s “School of Oratory,” in memory of his daughter, Annie, who had died there while attending the university. A workaholic, he was totally into his business until his last decade, when he finally gave himself time to relax. One of the founders and a prime supporter of the St. James Methodist Episcopal Church in Chicago. A millionaire many times over by the time of his death from an internal hemorrhage following an operation, he would manage to exit directly prior to the muckraking era, and its subsequent public shock over the methods of the modern meat industry, which he did so much to create. Inner: Highly innovative, thrifty, rigidly honest and industrious, and a great believer in his own abilities as a problem-solver. Gilded Age lifetime of serving as an ingeniously inventive captain of industry in the realm of edible flesh, before redesigning that sense of consumer-oriented packaging to more prurient appetites, and creating not only a viable empire out of it, but a reflective lifestyle, as well, in order to open up his own tightly-packaged interior.

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PATHWAY OF THE POET AS FRONT-LINE FEMINIST:
Storyline: The divided journalist is forced to work through the lies her mother told her in reconsidering herself as a unique and independent artist, while building on her longtime battles on the sexual front through schizoid self-empowerment in the hopes of finally finding herself through deliberate disintegration.
Jill Johnston (1929) - English/American writer. Outer: Her mother was continually given to deception, weaving stories around her husband, a bell founder, who she said was an aristocrat and died when her daughter was young. Later found out, he had merely deserted the family, and the duo had never officially married. Came to America and was educated at Tufts Univ., and later received her MFA at the Univ. of North Carolina. Married in 1958, but discovered she was a lesbian at heart, divorced in 1964, 2 children from union. Began her public career as a journalist, documenting the avant-garde art and dance scene in NYC in a column for the Village Voice, called “Dance Journal,” which became a collage of impressions, personalities and her growing political awareness, in which she viewed herself as an artist with her impressionistic pieces as verbal paintings. Came to explore herself through her reviews, and pursued autobiographical self-discovery in her ongoing career. One of the first vocal same-sex feminists who felt women should separate themselves from men in order to fully experience their power, seeing sexuality as a political force rather than an intimate one. Wrote 2 autobiographies, Autobiography in Search of a Father and Paper Daughter. Hospitalized several times with schizophrenia, and an inability to reconcile the lies her mother told her, with her desire for self-truth. in her later career, she was far less of a visible figure, preferring to try to heal herself without a public platform. Inner: Conflicted, strongly political, and deeply self-involved. Self-searching lifetime of making a complete break with men as a final act of independence, and using her divided sense of childhood as a means of re-integrating herself around her own powers and beliefs. Tennessee Claflin (1845-1923) - American reformer. Outer: Father was an itinerant con man, who was forced to leave his hometown under suspicion of being a firebug. Mother was illegitimate, illiterate and a spiritualism fanatic. 9th of 10 children, including sister Victoria (Gloria Steinem). The family traveled as a medicine and fortune-telling show in an eccentric, abusive and oppressive upbringing. Secretly married a gambler in 1866, who drifted away. Broke from the family and gave spiritualism exhibitions with her sibling, then worked as a clairvoyant with her, as their lives totally intertwined. Seductive and quite attractive, she had the ability to gull men out of whatever she wanted, thanks to the ability of creating all sorts of illusions around herself. In 1868, the duo went to NYC and won the support of Cornelius Vanderbilt (J. Paul Getty) through their mediumistic reading of the stock market. Opened a stock brokerage office with her sister, Woodhull, Claflin & Co., making money through Vanderbilt’s advice. Became interested in a socialist cult and with her sibling, she launched a weekly, Woodhull & Claflin’s Weekly, which advocated free love and equal rights and rites for women. Her sibling’s husband, along with a linguist, wrote most of the material, although the two sisters agreed with the content. Unsuccessfully ran for Congress in NY, and was made an honorary colonel of a black National Guard regiment. After being hounded by the sisters of clergyman Henry Ward Beecher (Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.), they published an accusation of adultery against him, in 1872, which led to a sensational court trial for him. Arrested for passing obscene material through the mail, both sisters spent a brief period in jail, before being ultimately acquitted. After divorcing, she and her sister sailed for Europe when Vanderbilt died in 1877 and his children contested his will. Probably got the money for the trip, in a payoff not to testify in court over the Commodore’s end days competence. Married Francis Cook, a future baronet with a large Portuguese estate, in 1885, and was made a baronet. Both sisters did charitable work and were eventually accepted into English society. The duo made several trips to America, to much publicity, thanks to the reputations they had already established. Like her sibling, she settled in England as Lady Tennessee Cook, Viscountess of Montserrat, and died there. Inner: Highly unconventional, taking great delight in continual dynamiting the public mind, with down-to-Earth messages of women having the power, both financial and moral, to be far more in control of their lives. Eccentric lifetime of uninhibitedly following her own will with her sister’s close support, and thoroughly enjoying the liberating freedom of doing whatever she wished.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS DRAMA QUEEN:
Storyline: The tragedy-prone everywoman learns from her previous failures, and manages to cope with love and loss through a stronger sense of family, and the ability to share her processes with an unseen audience, so as to gather strength from them, instead of floundering on her own as she did previously.
Katie Couric (1957) - American tele-journalist. Outer: Father was a journalist and PR man. Youngest of 4, sister Emily became an author and state senator. Her parents insisted each child bring a new word to the table every night, while she proved to be the central light of the family. Graduated from the Univ. of Virginia. Wanted to be a journalist, but her father convinced her there was more money in broadcasting. Began her career as a desk assistant at ABC news in Washington. Went to work for CNN, but was banned by the president of the station for her high-pitched voice, and immediately began to take voice lessons. He also felt she was too young, fresh and innocent to be effective on the air, so she worked as a producer and assignment editor, instead. Married in her early 30s to Jay Monahan, a Washington lawyer who ultimately became a TV legal commentator after his wife was already an early morning star, 2 children from union. In 1991, she joined the cast of the early morning "Today" show on NBC, and its ratings immediately began to climb, with her dual ability at asking hard questions and also being equally light when the mood called for it. Despite her association with early morning TV, she hated getting up early. A devoted mother, her husband died of colon cancer in his early 40s, then 4 years later her sister succumbed to the same dis-ease. Although devastated by the losses, she continued as part of the team that made “Today” the top-rated early morning show on TV, and was rewarded for her efforts after the turn of the century with a reported annual contract of some $16 million for her various hosting duties. In 2006, after 15 years on “Today,” she was given the evening anchor job at rival network CBS, making her the first of her gender to solo in a chair usually reserved for very reserved men, in an effort to attract a younger audience. Made her debut amidst much fanfare, before settling deep into 3rd place in the evening newstakes, while acquitting herself adequately in the process, despite much carping over her chirrupy morning presence on a heretofore serious and sacrosanct preserve. To counterbalance her critics, she visibly deadened herself, to make her own discomfort in the role thrust upon her more of a story than any she was reporting off the teleprompter, amidst rumors galore of her inevitable exit, to another venue which would emphasize her strengths rather than her weaknesses. Inadvertently played a pivotal role in the 2008 campaign with her interview of Republican vice-presidential candidate Sarah Palin, revealing the bubble head beneath the beehive, and her ratings and job security increased measurably afterwards. Inner: Intelligent, bubbly, charming, with a great desire to be viewed as an everywoman. Driven, direct, competitive, extremely generous, able to be the same person both on-screen and off. In focus lifetime of transferring her personality from the printed page to the small screen, while retaining the same sense of personal drama, and a better sense of her own abilities in coping with it. Nellie Bly (Elizabeth Cochrane Seaman) (1867-1922) - American journalist. Outer: Father was a successful mill owner and lawyer, after whom her hometown of Cochran’s Mills was named. Only had one year of formal education, and her sire died during her childhood, leaving her family in financial straits. Deceptively demure and diminutive. Went to Pittsburgh to try to become a writer, and won a newspaper job with a stinging rebuke to an editorial. Wrote under the name Nellie Bly, which she appropriated from a Stephen Foster (Ryan Adams) song, while taking controversial subjects and making them both interesting and palatable to her readership, instead of being shunted off to the women’s pages. Began by doing exposes of Pittsburgh’s underlife, then was given a vacation because of pressure from advertisers. Went to Mexico and did the same, and was asked to leave the country. Moved to New York and worked for Joseph Pulitzer’s (Rudolph Giuliani) New York World. Did a series on an insane asylum after spending 10 days there as a pseudo-inmate, then continued in that muckraking vein, to much popular acclaim, culminating her spectacular early career with a stunt journalism bit by traveling around the world in 72 days, to outdo the fictional character in Jules Verne’s (Isaac Asimov) Around the World in 80 Days. Wore one dress throughout the trip. Continued writing in a similar vein, although could not match her early success. Married Robert Seaman, a New York hardware manufacturer when he was in his 70s and she was in her 20s. Lived quietly in N.Y. until her husband’s death in 1904. Her failure in managing her husband’s iron manufacturing company, due to forgeries by her employees and litigations which followed, ate up her fortune and she was forced to leave the country, spending WW I in Austro-Hungary. Returned to the U.S. after the war, and tried to resume her career, but was unable to recapture her early celebrityhood. The end of her life was anticlimactic. Died of bronchial pneumonia in a hospital Inner: Queen of the Sob Sisters, with a strong penchant for emotionality in all her writings. Sob sister lifetime of acting as a romantic icon for sensationalistic journalism, spending her celebrity coin early on, and then suffering a long empty pocket downslide afterwards.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS WITTY WISEACRE:
Storyline: The needling newsman follows the same trajectory of sports into hardball politics, while softening his earlier radicalism for a more palatable political palette, geared towards a time when personality counts even more than opinion, but astute skewerers are always in demand.
Keith Olbermann (1959) - American commentator. Outer: Mother was a preschool teacher as well as a huge baseball fan, and a character in her own right. Father was a commercial architect. Born with six lumbar vertebrae, instead of 5, symbol of a strong supportive inner sense of self. Went to Hackley School in Tarrytown, where he was a classmate of ESPN broadcaster Chris Berman, and worked as a play-by-play announcer for the school hockey team. Also published his first book at 14, on “The Major League Coaches.” Started college at 16, and got a B.S. degree in communication arts from Cornell Univ., where he served as sports director for a student-run commercial station in Ithaca. 6’3 1/2”. Worked for both UPI and RKO Radio, before seeing TV as his ticket, and joined the fledgling cable station CNN in 1981, where he spent 3 extremely prickly years. Prior to that stretch he hit his head on the top of a subway door and lost his depth perception, making it difficult for him to drive. Also harbors a fear of flying. Showed himself to be an extremely contentious employee, with a self-surety that continually ruffled those above him, as well as some of his cohorts. Worked as a sports anchor briefly in Boston, before coming to Los Angeles to do sports TV there, winning 11 Golden Mike Awards, as a wry newscaster and commentator on the bigtime athletic scene. Joined ESPN’s Sports Center in 1992, and spent the next 5 years there, co-anchoring what he called “The Big Show,” with Dan Patrick, evincing a scathing wit, and a genuine reportorial flare, while continuing to alienate many of the people with whom he worked through his overbearing nature. Helped launch ESPN2 and ESPN Radio, only to have a failure in communication with his bosses, and leave the cable network in a huff. Later admitted his insecurity and paranoia led to the impasse. Decided to expand into harder news, and joined MSNBC, with another “Big Show,” focusing on both news and entertainment. Also did the weekend NBC Nightly News for the network on occasion, as well as a little sportscasting. After the national obsession with Monica Lewinsky, in 1998, he left newscasting in disgust and returned to sportscasting, a break he later admitted he would have made anyway. Joined Fox Sports Net as an anchor and exec producer for his own eponymous Evening News, a weekly sports show, before being fired in 2001. Returned full blast after 9/11/2001, as a radio reporter, then wrote a weekly column for Salon.com, until he was rehired by MSNBC in 2003, with “Countdown,” a look at the top stories of the day, with a decidedly antiestablishment view, which would be unique on the small screen. Found his perfect foil in the Bush administration’s ongoing blunders, while maintaining a running competitive feud with Fox commentator, Bill O’Reilly, whose time slot opposed him. Continually ridiculed him, which the latter fell for, unconsciously increasing his rival’s viewership. Ran afoul of the Anti-Defamation League for his use of the Nazi salute upon occasion, in his ongoing need for provocative nose-thumbing. The following year, he launched Bloggerman, a weblog to add the net to his view and readership, and has been able to parlay both into a successful run as a cable commentator, steadily increasing both the ears and eyes tuned into him, while maintaining a ubiquitous TV presence, as one of the primary self-styled faces of MSNBC, as well as ongoing football pundit for NBC, delivering dicta galore on the state of the nation, according to his liberal proscripts, and its various fun’n’games diversions, political, cultural and otherwise. His blatant Democratic bipartisanship, however, would eventually lead to an anchor demotion from MSNBC’s political coverage of the 2008 presidential campaign. Nevertheless, he was given a 4 year, $30 million contract afterwards. Inner: Feisty, highly competitive, neurotic, narcissistic and strong-willed. Rabid baseball fan, with a keen eye for hypocrisy. Bench jockey lifetime of rising to eminence on his sharp verbal skills, and then doing personal battle with his sense of superiority through them. Heywood Broun (1888-1939) - American newspaperman. Outer: Of Scots and German descent. Father was an English immigrant, who set up a successful printing and stationary business. 3rd of 4 children, and youngest of 3 boys. Went to private school, then was part of Harvard Univ’s celebrated class of 1910, although he never graduated, thanks to being sidetracked by other interests. Began his writing career doing baseball stories for the NY Morning Telegraph, before leaving in 1912 over a pay dispute, and going to China and Japan with a theatrical company. On his return he became a noted sportswriter for the NY Tribune, and ultimately moved on to be a drama critic for them in 1915, thanks to his deft way with words. In 1917, he married writer-editor Ruth Hale, a die-hard feminist, and they went to France, where he was a war correspondent, although he frequently got into trouble with military censors. In 1919, he became literary editor for the tribune, in addition to being drama critic, and launched his “Seems to Me” column for the World, allowing him a wider range of opinion, in which he championed the various progressive causes of the day, while also offering witty takes on the postwar world. Their only child, Heywood Hale Broun, would go on to a career in TV as a wry commentator. A huge, rumpled figure with a shambling gait. In 1921, he switched allegiance to the NY World, toiling for them for 7 years, before resigning when they refused to print his articles on Nicola Sacco (Terry Nichols) and Bartolemeo Vanzetti (Tim McVeigh), two anarchists on trial for murder, and a cause celebre of the time among leftists. Became part of the famed Algonquin Round Table crew throughout the 1920s, a group of writerly NY wits who met for lunch and passed memorable bon mots between them. Close friend of the culturati of the city, and at his height, he enjoyed a daily readership of a million people. In 1928, he moved to the Scripps-Howard chain, continuing his column for them, until shortly before his death, when he switched over to the NY Post. In 1930, he ran unsuccessfully for Congress as a Socialist, under the slogan, “I’d rather be right than Roosevelt.” He was expelled from the party, however, after being publicly seen in the company of Communists at a rally in 1933. The same year, he founded the American Newspaper Guild, and served as its first president until his death. His wife came to resent the married state, and for the last 5 years of their union, they lived apart, although remained amicable. They divorced in 1934, and she died the following year. Married a Latina dancer in 1935, and adopted her daughter. Converted to Roman Catholicism, his wife’s religion in 1939, to the amazement of his friends. Died of pneumonia, and garnered more than 3000 mourners at his funeral, as one of NYC’s favorite penmen. Wrote a dozen books or so, and more and less helped create the signed syndicated column of opinion. Inner: Highly social, progressive politically and unafraid to speak his mind. Relaxed and convivial on the surface, darker underneath. Liberal and proud lifetime of speaking the truth as he saw it, no matter the consequences, as a moral voice in both easy and hard times.

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PATHWAY OF THE COMMENTATOR AS STRAIGHT ARROW OPINION-MAKER:
Storyline: The pro-establishment pundit turns his innately acquisitive sensibilities into garnering the largest audience possible via his take-no-prisoners approach to setting the country straight via his sharply divided sense of good and evil.
Sean Hannity (Sean Patrick Hannity) (1961) - American commentator. Outer: Both sets of grandparents emigrated from Ireland. From a conservative Catholic family, father was a family court probation officer. Youngest of 4. Went to parochial school, then attended NYU, with the idea of a radio career, although was forced to drop out because of finances. Moved out to California and worked as a bartender and in construction in Santa Barbara, and in 1987, began calling in to radio talk shows as a defender of the Reagan administration. Listeners responded more to him than the hosts, which inspired to re-pursue radio as a career. Began at a voluntary college station at UC Santa Barbara, with a weekly show, but was fired for a pronounced bias against gays and lesbians. Although defended by the liberal American Civil Liberties Union, he demurred from returning, and instead, capitalized on the negative publicity to gain a spot on a Huntsville, Alabama network, where he met his future wife, Jill Rhodes, a columnist, whom he married in 1993, son and daughter from the union. Moved up to an Atlanta station, and got national exposure in 1991 during O.J. Simpson’s slow-motion chase. Did other TV guest spots, and was tabbed in 1996 by Roger Ailes as a co-host on the Fox News Channel, with ineffectual liberal Alan Colmes, to form the unbalanced, and largely unfair Hannity & Colmes, on a station that broadcast itself as otherwise. Moved back to NY the same year, and in 1998 rode the Monica Lewinsky-Bill Clinton scandal to national prominence. In 2001, he launched his own eponymous radio talk show, on over 500 stations, and within a few years, he was second only to Rush Limbaugh in radio listenership, with an audience of over 12 million, including Armed Forces Radio. Extremely militant, with a bias towards all things Republican, he would prove one of Pres. George W. Bush’s most relentless cheerleaders, while denigrating anything Democratic, with a particular obsession about former Pres. Clinton’s wayward organ. In his debates, employs hectoring, bullying and demagoguery to make his points, with an overall belief in the absolute wrongheadedness of the left. In 2003, he began sponsoring country music Freedom Concerts for scholarships for children of parents who were killed or severely disabled in America’s wars, and two years later, launched Hannidate on his website with the idea of matching conservative singles with one another, with the thought of breeding a perpetual audience for his viewpoint. In 2007, he began Hannity’s America on Fox News, to add to his ubiquitous media presence, as a self-styled expositor of what’s right and wrong with America. Less controversial than his equally well-known cohorts, thanks to not sharing their facility for constantly putting their feet in their large mouths, and leading a far more straight arrow existence. Ultimately went solo sans Colmes, upping his presence from their former ‘debate’ format from 90% to 100%. Inner: Strongly religious and militaristic, with an all-embracing view of evil around anything that falls outside his traditional moral overview. Voracious reader, with a bedrock belief in faith, family and country, and a complete refusal to listen to anyone who doesn’t share his views. Us and them lifetime of switching from grand acquisitor to America’s grand inquisitor, taking to task all who fall outside his deeply felt traditionalist sense of morals and values. Harry Chandler (1864-1944) - American media and real estate mogul. Outer: From a farm family. Eldest of 4, with 2 brothers and a sister. Cherubic and pink-cheeked as a child, which made him a popular boy model for advertisers of the time. Went to Dartmouth College, and on a dare, dove into an ice-covered vat of starch, which almost destroyed his lungs. Told by doctors to go to a warm, dry climate, he came to Los Angeles, and lived in a series of flophouses, hacking and coughing his way into penury. 6’2”. Broke horses, and returned home in 1884, only to have his lungs rebel again, sending him back out west. Took a job picking fruit in a doctor’s orchard at the latter’s behest, and the outdoor work gave him his health back. Made $3000 selling what he made, and invested in morning newspaper circulation routes, gobbling them up until he had a virtual monopoly on them with his small delivery company. In 1888, he married, 2 daughters. Hooked up with Los Angeles Times publisher Harrison Gray Otis (Bill O’Reilly), helped force his former partner out of business, and secretly bought his defunct competitor’s printing plant, which gained him the position of Otis’s circulation manager. After his wife died in 1892, he married Otis’s daughter Marian in 1894. 3 sons and 3 daughters from the union, including his oldest, Norman, who would succeed him at the helm of the paper. Moved up to be the Times’ general manager, while sharing in his employer’s strongly conservative views, with a particular hatred for unions. Part of the consortium that gobbled up arid San Fernando Valley land with the secret knowledge that an aqueduct was going to be run through there from the fertile Owens Valley to the north. Of the various people involved, including his father-in-law, he became the primary real estate mogul of the valley, buying up land both personally and via syndicates, which would be the heart of his huge fortune. In 1910, a bomb tied to a gas main under his desk went off, killing his secretary and 19 others, although he agreed with the defense not to pursue the death penalty and make them labor martyrs. After Otis’s death in 1917, he took over the reins of the Los Angeles Times as its publisher, and made it into the leading newspaper in the West, while continuing his predecessor’s policies of union-bashing, as well as the former’s hatred for the newly-formed Mexican republic, which caused both of them loss of access to the considerable land they had there. Indicted, although acquitted of shipping arms to Mexico in favor of the counter-revolutionaries. His reactionary virulence against labor extended worldwide in his coverage of the news, as well as to the idea of shortening the work week, since he felt the idle time would ill serve the average worker and only get him into furthering his own bad habits. A leader of Southern California’s conservative Republicans, he disliked public appearances and speech-making, causing him to demur from running for public office. Eventually became chairman of the board of the Times-Mirror company. As such, he was a booster extraordinaire for the city of Los Angeles, serving as its leading citizen through the 20s and 30s. Among his many achievements, he founded the Los Angeles Coliseum, and was responsible for bringing the 1932 Olympics there, while being responsible for the creation of Cal-tech, the Douglas Aircraft Company, Trans World Airlines, the San Pedro Harbor, Santa Anita Racetrack, and Hollywoodland, whose huge Hollywood sign would become emblematic of the city in the decades to come. His various real estate holdings made him the largest private landholder in the country for a while, with stakes all over the West, and his fingers in a host of industries. A 33rd degree Mason, as well as a Shriner. Died of a coronary thrombosis. Inner: Extremely competitive, and the virtual archetype for the rapacious capitalist, giving absolutely no quarter to anyone who opposed him, while harboring nothing but contempt, for those beneath him on the social scale. Had few enemies, thanks to a sincere and homespun personality. Abstemious and a straight arrow, with an indefatigable work ethic. Rapacious lifetime of sating his endless appetite for accumulation, while also controlling the communication apparatus that would help to mute public opinion on his acquisitiveness, in a double-tiered display of power both used and abused.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS ALPHA THIRD WAVER:
Storyline: The theorist feminist parallels the cerebrations of the women’s movement in her own evolution from interactive helpmate to independent voice of analysis and explication.
Naomi Wolf (1962) - American journalist. Outer: Of Jewish descent. Grandmother was a professor, feminist and a pioneer in family services, and wound up exerting a strong influence on her granddaughter. Mother was an anthropologist specializing in women’s studies. Father was a professor of English literature at San Francisco State, and a writer. One brother. At 7, she claimed to have written a novel. While growing up, her mother served as an example of someone who starved herself to look good, and in response, she became an anorexic at the age of 13, dropping 21 pounds, so as to be 5’4” and 84 lbs. Eventually recovered from it, although the anger remained over her socially-inspired self-abuse remained with her. An active debater in high school, she went on to receive a BA from Yale Univ. in English literature in 1984, before becoming a Rhodes Scholar at New College, Oxford Univ. Much later she would accuse Harold Bloom, a professorial institution unto himself at Yale of sexual harassment, only to receive much criticism for the allegation. In 1993, she married David Shipley, a speechwriter for Pres. Bill Clinton, and was involved in the strategy sessions in the 1996 Clinton reelection campaign. Daughter and son from the union. Came to public prominence in the early 1990s with “The Beauty Myth,” an international bestseller that posited the contention that impossible physical standards set up by men continually kept women sore oppressed, and stopped them from being who they really were. The more power they accrued collectively, the more they gave away individually through eating disorders, needless cosmetic surgery and weight obsession. Her theses would divide the intellectual feminist community, with many criticizing everything from her methodology to her analytic abilities. In unintended irony, she would prove to be quite attractive herself, as living proof that calling attention to a women’s looks is the easiest way to trivialize their larger message. Her book, which grew out of her graduate thesis, established her as an interesting mainstream public voice and she followed it up by continuing to opine in tome form on a variety of political and gender subjects, before serving as an adviser to Al Gore in 2000, on how to be an alpha male for his presidential run, although she later claimed her advice as such was distorted by the media. Suffered a mid-life crisis when her marriage unraveled to the point of divorce in 2005, and dealt with it in book form with “The Tree House,” in which she reassessed her father’s role in her life, in order to reclaim her own sense of poetics and vision. Her comeback work afterwards was “The End of America,” which compared the step-by-step rise of fascism in the 1920s and 1930s and contemporary post-9/11 Bush America. Claimed to have taken on the spirit of a 13 year old boy in a 2006 British magazine interview, as an added fillip to her self-acclaimed status as a gender mythologist for her times. Inner: Feels herself to be a liberal feminist and progressive in tune with mainstream values. The object of much contumely from more radical thinkers, who have found virtually everything about her questionable, from her ideas to her ideals. Lightning rod lifetime of taking her previous go-round’s activities up to the next level as part of her own personal evolution from helpmate to public individualist who is very much her own woman, no matter the flack thrown at her for being so. Belle LaFollette (Belle Case) (1859-1931) - American writer, suffragette and political helpmate. Outer: Of English and Scottish descent. Born in a log cabin, to a Unitarian family. Moved at 3 to a neighboring county, where she went to public school before going to the Univ. of Wisconsin, where she won a prize her senior year for the best senior oration, while meeting fellow orator Robert LaFollette (Gary Hart). After graduating in 1879, she taught high school and junior high in her adopted home town, before marrying LaFollette, who by then was county district attorney. The ceremony deliberately omitted the word ‘obey’ from the marriage vow. Four children from the union, including daughter Fola, the eldest, an actress and activist, and two sons who would pursue political careers. Helped her husband with his legal research and writing, and was a key figure in his controversial career as a lynchpin for American progressives, sharing his views and stances. In 1883, she entered the University of Wisconsin Law School, and became its first woman graduate, although she never practiced as an attorney. Instead she put her skills to use at her husband’s behest, serving as his administrative assistant for his three terms in the House of Representatives. Following his defeat, they returned to Wisconsin, where she taught adult classes in physical education, and also lectured on women’s suffrage, while beginning her activist career in earnest, pushing protective legislation for women, children and consumers. Became close friends with other feminist leaders, and after her husband’s return to Washington as a virtual Senator-for-Life, she helped him launch LaFollette’s Weekly Magazine in 1909, editing its Women and Education Dept., and penning most of the articles herself, which led to a nationally syndicated column in 1911 and 1912 called “A Thought For Today.” Her spouse’s critical view of America’s involvement in WW I, made her family roundly despised as traitorous non-supporters of America’s war effort, although she remained undeterred, and in response helped found the Women’s Peace Party in 1918. After the war, she became active in the Women’s Committee for World Disarmament, and was very much involved in various concurrent peace and disarmament movements. After her husband’s death in 1925, she was offered his senatorial seat, although turned it down in favor of her son, Robert, Jr., who would go on to forge his own progressive career in that august body, winning election on his own three more times. Had she taken it, she would have been the first of her gender to serve in the Senate, but felt it would have obtruded on her private life, which she cherished. Spent her remaining time as associate editor of LaFollette’s Magazine, and working on a biography of her spouse, although never completed it. Died as the result of peritonitis and a punctured intestine during a routine medical examination. Inner: Effective speaker and orator, and unafraid to be a voice of equality in a time when women were viewed as secondary citizens, to be seen but not heard. Felt a balance between a public and private life was of vital importance, and strived her whole existence for it, eschewing a career on her own. Public lifetime of deliberately serving as a helpmate in preparation for taking her activism and analytic abilities up to a whole other level the next time around in this series.

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PATHWAY OF THE COMMENTATOR AS PINHEAD PROVOCATEUR:
Storyline: The petulant pundit serially holds onto the same anti-populist views over two life-spans, while retaining a love for exerting enormous influence, and disdaining one and all who disagree with him.
Bill O’Reilly (William James O’Reilly, Jr.) (1949) - American commentator. Outer: From a conservative Irish Catholic family. Father was an accountant for an oil company, with a hair-trigger temper, while his mother was a physical therapist. When he was two, the family moved to cookie-cutter Levittown on Long Island. Rambunctious as a youth, he always knew he would be an opinion-maker. Went to a strict private Catholic boys high school, and then Marist College, a coed Catholic college, where he was quarterback on the school’s football club, and also a columnist for its newspaper, while majoring in his/story. Lambasted a teacher for reverse racism in awarding grades, and discovered his power as a foe of political correctness. 6’4”. Spent his junior year abroad, at Queen Mary College at the Univ. of London, while living in an Opus Dei house. A good athlete, he played semipro baseball, although failed in a tryout with the NY Mets. Moved to Miami and taught high school English and his/story, per his sire’s wishes, before opting to follow his own course after a year and continue his education. Went on to get his master’s from Boston Univ. in Broadcast Journalism, while also working as a reporter and columnist for several newspapers and alternative weeklies, and continually courting controversy with his opinions. Began his TV career in Miami, and then moved on to similar positions in Scranton, Dallas, and Denver, where he won an Emmy for a skyjacking story, as well as Portland, Oregon, and Hartford, where he was a news anchor, and Boston, always evincing a need to be absolutely in control, before getting his own program in 1980 in NYC, winning a local Emmy for his efforts. Afterwards, he was promoted to CBS network news as a war correspondent. Left in a tiff, and in 1986, joined ABC as a correspondent for its nightly network news show. In 1989, he joined the staff of a CBS tabloid/gossip show, Inside Edition ultimately rising to its anchor. Despite several scoops of real news, he was ignominiously replaced, in 1995, and with his career at a standstill, he returned to school, completing his education at Harvard’s JFK School of Government, where he got another master’s in Public Administration. The same year, he married Maureen McPhilmy, a public relations executive, daughter and son from the union. Finally got his big break, when he was hired by the Fox News Channel in the mid-1990s to anchor the O’Reilly Report, which became the O’Reilly Factor, and suddenly he found himself a factor in American opinion, with a significant audience, for both his nightly TV show, and a corollary radio program carried on more than 400 stations. Able to parlay his ability at articulating the anger of his voiceless audience, in fine molehill-turned-into-mountains fashion, which allowed him to reinvent himself as a moneymaking empire. In addition to his ubiquitous electronic media presence, he also pens a weekly syndicated newspaper column, and has authored numerous nonfiction bestsellers, presenting himself as a champion of real American values, with his favorite bete noirs, fuzzy-headed liberals of all stripes, and their permissive passivity as the greatest internal threat to American autonomy. Despite his overview of his own moral authority, has often found himself with his foot in his own mouth, particularly after a female employee accused him of sexual harassment in 2004, in a mutually slanderous contretemps, which was eventually settled out of court for a reputedly hefty $10 million. Although a supporter of the U.S. war effort in Iraq, he eventually stopped reporting on its endless violence, while voicing the opinion that nobody wanted to hear about it anymore. Often a target of liberal watchdog groups, he, nevertheless, enjoyed a largely uninterrupted run as the highest rated show of its kind among the cable news shows for well over a decade, before the rival Keith Olbermann Show on MSNBC began eating into his lead in 2007, while mercilessly mocking him in the process. Went after his parent company, GE, in response, until a truce of sorts was called in 2009. Unsparing and extremely competitive with his projected liberal adversaries in his often exaggerated overview, and like his fellow pundits, forgiven his numerous trespasses by those who agree with him, and the object of much contumely by those who don’t. Announced his syndicated radio show, “The Radio Factor,” would end in 2009 after nearly 7 years, because of his workload. Inner: Despite a high salary, lives modestly, and remains close to his childhood friends. Considers himself an independent traditionalist rather than a conservative, although anything and anyone that contradicts him is fodder for his nightly frothing. Deeply stung at any hint of criticism of him. Lunching on liberals lifetime of transplanting his need for absolute control into the far less secure realm of pure opinion, to see if the pure power of his trenchant beliefs can serve as steady a vessel for him as his earlier far more substantive run as a highly controversial publisher did. Harrison Gray Otis (1837-1917) - American publisher and journalist. Outer: Youngest child of a family which had long identified with patriotic causes. Mother was his father’s second wife, while the latter housed runaway slaves from the underground railroad. Had little formal education and became an apprentice printer as a teenager, then moved to Kentucky, where he was elected as a delegate to the 1860 Republican National Convention, which selected Abraham Lincoln as its successful presidential nominee. Married in 1859 to Eliza Wetherby, and his wife took an active role in his journalistic career. One son and 4 daughters from the union. Fought in 15 engagements on the Union side during the Civil War in the eastern theater, was wounded twice and also was decorated for bravery, before emerging as a breveted lieutenant colonel, a rank he eagerly appended to his name. After the war, he returned to Ohio and for 18 months, was the publisher of a small local newspaper. Moved to Washington afterwards, and worked as a compositor for the Government Printing Office, joining a union in the process, before spending 5 years as chief of a division of the Patent Office. In 1876, he drifted out to California, and was appointed a government agent on the Seal Islands in the Bering Sea, where his chief duty was the prevention of poaching of walrus and seals, while ironically, he came to look like one of the former. Large and blubbery, with a permanent scowl, and a voice that rarely lowered itself beyond the level of a yell, no matter the social circumstance. Returned after 3 years from his dead-end work there, largely a failure up to that point of his life save for his war heroics, before getting a job as an editor of a local newspaper in Santa Barbara, California. Despised the wealthy and privileged people who lived there, despite a similar desire to be both rich and influential, and in 1881, he moved with his family south to the small town of Los Angeles. Took a job as editor of one of its newly-found newspapers, the Times and Mirror, then convinced its publisher to let him buy in with his life savings, before forcing the latter out within 5 years, only to see him start a rival rag and engage in a circulation war with him. Hooked up with the highly ambitious Harry Chandler (Sean Hannity), who became his circulation manager, as well as his son-in-law, and the Los Angeles Times soon came to be the most significant paper in the fast-growing city, while he took on the presidency of its parent organization, the Times-Mirror Company. Went on to use his newspaper as a hammer against all enemies, who would prove to be considerable, while pitting his blustering bile against labor unions, the Democratic Party, reformers and any and all competitors, all the while promoting the city, so that during his sojourn there, it expanded from a mere 12,000 souls to over a half million, thanks in no small part to his aggressive boosterism. Upped his martial title to Brigadier General, after pushing for war with Spain, then volunteering to send men to the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. Commanded a brigade there, although saw no action, and on his return, was viewed by labor as its most prominent enemy. Built a fortress-like headquarters, and bought into a consortium land grab of the San Fernando Valley, through insider information, that an aqueduct was to be built through it, funneling water from the Owens Valley up north to the city. Like the others, he made a fortune off the previous arid land, while using his newspaper to fool citizens through a drought scare, into supporting a $23 million bond that would fund the aqueduct, even though little of the water would reach the actual city. In 1910, a pair of brothers bombed the Times Building, killing 20, an event he further exploited in his ongoing right-wing tirades against any and all union activity. Bought 650,000 acres of land in Mexico through its dictator, Porfirio Diaz (Vincente Fox). When the latter was overthrown in the 1911 Revolution, he couldn’t get his cattle out in time, and so began a campaign to annex Northern Mexico to the U.S. Failing in that objective, he tried forming a North Mexican Republic, which also never captured the public imagination, despite his continual hammering away at the newly formed revolutionary government south of the border. Retained control of the Times throughout his life, working in close concert with his son-in-law Chandler, who became one of the wealthiest men in the West, and shared his conservative anti-unionist views. Built a grand home, known as ‘the Bivouac,’ which would ultimately become a museum of war relics, after he donated it to the country of Los Angeles. Died at the home of Chandler. Inner: Highly ambitious, extremely intolerant of anyone who disagreed with or ran up against him, and rigidly right-wing, distrusting any and all manifestations of popular power. Dominating personality, and a stickler for detail. Bore grudges for decades, and was not shy about expressing his opinions full blast on both the printed page and in person. I Am the Walrus lifetime of finding the perfect time, place and periodical to promote both himself and his views full blast, and succeeding in all three, with tusks fully bared full time. Matthew Carey (1760-1839) - Irish/American polemicist and publisher. Outer: From a middle-class Irish Catholic family. Father had been a sailor, who became a contractor for the Royal Army and Navy. Lame from infancy after being dropped by a nurse, he was initially shy and backward as a schoolboy, finding his solace and strength in books, despite his progenitor’s disapproval of reading. Had a good facility for languages, with the ability to write fluently in Latin. Apprenticed himself to a bookseller, and while still in his mid-teens, he became a printer as well as a pamphleteer, making his first foray into the latter with a screed against dueling, which annoyed his master, followed by one protesting English anti-Catholic discrimination in Ireland. The latter raised the ire of the authorities, and he quickly hied to Paris in 1779 to avoid prosecution. While there, he met Benjamin Franklin (R. Buckminster Fuller), and worked for him for a year, before returning to Ireland, where he edited a pair of polemical political journals. Forced to flee once more, dressed as a woman, he permanently emigrated to the United States in 1784, arriving with 12 guineas in his pocket. Loaned money by the Marquis de Lafayette (Jean de Lattre), he became a publisher and bookseller once again, while launching several failed magazines. Challenged by a fellow conservative editor to a duel in 1786, he was seriously wounded in the thigh. Continued with his political polemics, while also becoming an original member of the American Sunday-School Society. Published the first significant literary magazine in the United States, with “The American Museum,” which eventually fell victim to high postal rates. In 1790, he inaugurated his highly successful publishing house, with the Douay Bible, and later added the King James version. Married Bridget Flahavan, the daughter of a respectable but poor Philadelphian in 1791, and the couple had 9 children, with 3 dying young. Extremely prolific as a writer, penning everything from polemics to satiric poetry, he also had a longtime contentious relationship with Mason Weems (Rush Limbaugh), who worked as a book agent for him. Encouraged nationalism through popular literature, and won the praise of the political establishment, who commended him on his effort. Dedicated his life to a profession of patriotism and ultimately got the printing rights to Weems’s fanciful cherry-chopping life of George Washington (George Marshall). By 1817, M. Carey and Son had become the largest publishing and distributing house in the country. Concentrated mostly on American works, reiterating the theme of patriotism. Retired in 1825, leaving his business to his son, who along with the latter’s brother-in-law, continued to make his publishing house a leading concern in the country. Died from injuries suffered from a carriage accident, and had the largest funeral in Philadelphia up to that point in its his/story. Inner: Strong patriot and pious Catholic, with a genuine interest in the betterment of his surrounding world, and a particular desire for universal education. Contentious and far more of a utilitarian writer than a stylist. Inky fingers lifetime of uniting his ongoing business acumen with his love of being an opinion-maker whose opinion counts, thanks to his natural instinct for power accrued and utilized to further his aims.

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PATHWAY OF THE PREACHER AS HOLY SECULAR COMEDIAN:
Storyline: The elephantine egotist plays fast and loose with the facts in his love of a good story, while giving his ditto-headed following his fantasies of the way things ought to be, from his own alternate realities.
Rush Limbaugh III (1951) - America media personality. Outer: From a long line of orators, with a grandfather who practiced law into his 100s. Mother was a longtime Republican committee woman, father was a WW II pilot who became a distinguished lawyer and Republican Party activist. The latter was stern, vocal, and conservative, while the former was good-humored and wisecracking. Other members of his family were also politically prominent, and he readily accepted their conservative ideology, as well as their cutting sense of humor. Younger brother David became an author and a political commentator, as well. Had an upper middle class upbringing, although was largely a loner, content to sit in his dark bedroom with his tape recorder and radio. Totally uninterested in academics, he made his high school football team as a place-kicker, and obtained a radio broadcaster’s license at 16. Dropped out of Southeast Missouri State Univ., after his father insisted he go to college, and, using the name Rusty, held a series of radio DJ jobs without clicking, under the name Jeff Christie. Wangled a draft deferment during the Vietnam war for an anal cyst via a friendly doctor, and became a sales executive for a baseball team, before finally finding his true political voice and becoming a popular radio talk-show personality in Sacramento in the early 1980s. For a longtime, he hovered blimp-like in the 300 pound range, until health concerns caused him to lose excess weight. Moved to NYC in 1988 and began a nationally syndicated radio show, quickly building up a rabid following with his loose sense of the truth and his easy targeting of the liberal establishment. Wrote a bestseller, “The Way Things Ought to Be,” and then began his television career in 1990, establishing his own nightly talk show in 1993, although it failed to generate a viewership to match his listenership, and complaints about poor time slots caused him to cut back on it. Married and divorced 3 times, beginning with Roxy McNeely, an office worker in 1977. After divorcing her in 1980, he wed Michelle Wennerholm, a stadium usher, in 1983. The duo separated 5 years later, then divorced. His third union was to Marta Fitzgerald, a former aerobics instructor, in 1994, which ended in an amicable parting a decade later. Continued to entertain an enormous audience via radio as a self-appointed voice of the dittohead masses who were looking for someone to humorously articulate their anger. Despite the commonality of his message, he bought a $5 million apartment in NYC, and signed a long-term $285 million contract, before moving to a $25 million dollar, 24,000 sq. foot mansion in Palm Beach, Florida in 1997, on an estate which holds five homes, and whose interiors were designed by himself, including a two-story library. Although an entertainer at heart, he slipped more and more into the realm of the political, only to suffer a sudden loss of hearing in 2001, emblematic of an unlistening missionary. Later had a successful cochlear transplant, which gained some of it back, while also learning to lip read. Expanded in 2003 to become an NFL commentator on ESPN, only to quickly lose the job with an insensitive racial observation, then was outed by his housekeeper as an Oxycontin addict, consuming elephantine doses of them and other painkillers for a back ailment, in a fall from grace in which his realities finally superseded his fantasies of the way things should be. Spent 5 weeks in rehab, and reemerged spouting self-help patter, despite an earlier stance of seeing all addictions as criminal and punishable. Ultimately received a legal slap on the wrist for his transgression, with a fine and the promise of continued treatment, while remaining an influential and entertaining mass of contradictions for an untold amount of Americans more than willing to forgive him trespasses, including a subsequent embarrassing airport stop with Viagra in his baggage. Despite further gaffes, he was able to reclaim his true conservative status following the downfall of the Republicans in the mid-term 2006 elections, allowing him the freedom to disavow some of their errant ways, and return to his own ideological preachments, in his ongoing 5 day a week daily valentines to himself. Went aghast over John McCain’s lockup of the Republican nomination as a betrayal of the GOP’s conservative credo, predicting a dire future for the party as a result of it, while continuing to fulminate against any and all apostasies committed by all his self-perceived enemies of the truth, including fellow members of the “drive-by” media. Launched Operation Chaos in 2008 to counteract the Democratic resurgence, urging voters to crossover in the primaries and vote for Hillary Clinton as the weaker of two candidates, then wished often and aloud for riots in Denver to further blunt the opposition Party’s appeal. Later that year signed a $400 million+ contract, including a $100 million signing bonus, with his syndication company to remain on the air for 8 more years, while vowing to continue broadcasting until every person in America agrees with him. Expressed a desire that Obama fail at the onset of his administration, while underlining his status as the acknowledged non-elected voice of American conservatism, much to the discomfort of the moderate wing of the Republican Party, who were too terrified of his reach to challenge him. Subsequently turned down by the NFL as a potential part-owner of the St. Louis Rams because of incendiary racial comments he had earlier made. Began 2010 with a heart scare, then continued with heartless comments, before getting married for a fourth time to Kathryn Rogers, an event coordinator over two and a half decades his junior. Bailed on NYC afterwards for tax reasons, selling his gilded condo for a handsome profit, while leaving its gaudy furnishings behind. Inner: Evangelical sense of mission, with a true passion for what he does. Self-confessed fastidious obsessive/compulsive, with a “talent on loan from God.” Strong work ethic, and a good mimic, with a deeply conservative nature, and a genuine likability, which keeps his listeners listening, whether they agree with him or not. Vehemently anti-environment and anti-global warming, while viewing himself primarily as a businessman, with audience size always one of his main concerns. Never apologizes for his gaffes, and always attacks his attackers, forever remaining on the offensive, no matter who he offends. Far more insecure than his public persona conveys, with a great need to be accepted. Largely a self-involved loner, content to lie on the couch and watch football, when not magnifying himself behind a microphone, and gushing over his self-perceived brilliance. Big appetite lifetime of preaching the secular gospel of conservatism and establishing himself as a unique national personality, while unconsciously tapping into his preacherly past, in his ongoing role as one of America’s favorite unfrocked ministers. Elbert Hubbard (1856-1915) - American writer and businessman. Outer: Father was a physician. Raised with strong Christian values, which he held to, his entire life. Sold soap door-to-door, then went to Chicago at 16, and became a freelance journalist there for 4 years. In his mid-20s, he took a job with a manufacturing company in Buffalo and stayed 15 years working in advertising and sales, showing a penchant for snappy slogans. Married Bertha Crawford in 1881, and had a daughter by both his wife and mistress. Retired from business at 39 with a modest amount of money, and decided to attend Harvard, but soon tired of being a student and went to Europe. Fell under the influence of designer William Morris (Philip Johnson). Returned, entered the office of a Boston publisher, wrote 3 novels, then founded the Roycroft Shop, modeled after Morris’s press, and began publishing The Philistine. After 45 issues, he wrote the entire journal himself and enjoyed huge success with it, with an audience of some 225,000 at his death. Also did a 2nd, less personal magazine, The Fra. Penned the inspirational story, “Message to Garcia,” based on an incident from the Spanish-American War in Cuba, about clinging to one’s objectives. It’s ultimate printing went into the millions. Spent half of the time, the last 15 years of his life on the road, giving lectures about the way things should be. Mentor of Herbert W. Armstrong, one of the first of the radio evangelicals to build a huge business empire around aggressive spiritual salesmanship. In 1903, he married a writer, Alice Moore, right after his divorce from his first wife. Ultimately bombed into oblivion aboard the Lusitania during WW I, in an unconscious desire to totally reconstruct himself as a politically secular, rather than spiritual Christian, conservative. Inner: Supersalesman, with extreme self-confidence. Evangelical urge to preach to the masses from a secular, rather than a spiritual pulpit, while delivering the same message. Motto was “Get radioactive.” Hyperhuckster lifetime of turning his evangelical expertise into uniting the business world with a strong ethical sense, and, in a sense, considerably expanding his congregation, so that he could become an even more influential secular preacher the next time around. Mason Weems (1759-1825) - American writer and clergyman. Outer: Youngest of 19 children. Studied medicine in Scotland, practiced for a few years, then took up theology, and was one of 2 ordained Americans in the Church of England after the American Revolution. Married Frances Ewell in his mid-30s, and ultimately had 12 children. Preached in Maryland, and became known for the passion and fire of his sermons, which appealed to emotion rather than reason. His large family caused him to take up a more remunerative profession, and he became a book agent for Matthew Carey (Bill O’Reilly), a Philadelphia publisher, with whom he constantly quarreled during their entire three decade business relationship. Proved a remarkably successful salesman, both printing and selling religious works, particularly the Bible. Wrote many self-improvement books, and spent a great deal of his life on the road in total dedication to spreading the word of God through his own self-appointed channel. As a temperance advocate, with a pamphlet called “The Drunkard’s Glass,” he wound go into taverns, imitate the falling-down state of the imbibers there, and then proffer his printed solution to their inebriated failings. Also a talented fiddler, he played for the dancing enjoyment of young people, much to the intemperate tongue-clucking of some of the pious communities he invaded. Had a racy style of selling, and was considered quite outrageous by many. Best known for his apocryphal life of George Washington (George Marshall), with its famous story of America’s first president chopping down a cherry tree at age 6 and then owning up to the deed. Also penned several other biographies of Revolutionary American heroes. Had a great desire to die while on the road selling the Bible, and did so. Inner: Excitable, passionate, great religious fervor with an equal skill at imaginative and stimulating sales. Highly mobile lifetime of hitching his communicative talents to the word of God and riding it for all it was worth, on a journey he has yet to complete. Roger of Wendover (?-1236) - English Benedictine monk and chronicler. Outer: Early life unrecorded. Became a Benedictine monk, and was made a prior of the cell of Belvoir, but was deposed from his position for wasting its endowment. On his retirement, he wrote a noted chronicle, which compiled various tales beginning with the Earth’s Creation up through the year before his death, with a focus on Britain from the mid-fifth century onwards. His Flore Historiarum, or Flowers of History, is a compilation of the work of other writers, as well as his own contemporary narrative of the events of the last two decades of his life. Far more the storyteller than the serious his/storian, he is credited with retelling the apocryphal tale of Lady Godiva and her nude romp through Coventry, although in all likelihood, the event never occurred. Inner: Compilation lifetime of integrating his fanciful storytelling skills, his unique character, his proclivity for controversy, his deep and ongoing sense of spirituality, and his own abiding sense of being humanity’s gift from God.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS MARTYR TO HIS STORIES:
Storyline: The well-loved war-lover continually searches for the bigger stories going on around him in his self-sacrificing desire to humanize global conflicts and bring his own special off-beat sensibilities to making the world a more understandable place.
Daniel Pearl (1963-2002) - American journalist. Outer: Parents were Israeli immigrants who eventually settled on the West Coast. Attended high school in southern California, before going on to Stanford, where he majored in communications and also edited the quarterly Stanford Commentary as well as programmed music for the campus radio station. Upon graduating, he worked for several small daily newspapers in Mass., before joining the Wall Street Journal in 1990. Began with the paper’s Atlanta bureau and quickly established himself with his off-beat quirky stories, known as “A-heads,” which would appear on the middle of the front page. Moved to the Journal’s Washington bureau in 1993, and then was posted to London in 1996, where he began writing about the Middle East. Met his future wife, Mariane Van Neyenhoff, a French freelance journalist of Dutch and Cuban extraction, at a party and the duo were married in 1999, the same year he joined the Journal’s Paris bureau. Continued to write about the Mideast from Paris before being posted to Bombay, India as the Journal’s South Asia bureau chief in late 2000. Learned to speak a little Urdu and Arabic, and wrote about medical care for poor people in countries with AIDS epidemics, as well as multinational drug companies and the tensions twixt India and Pakistan. Drafted the paper’s safety guidelines for overseas reporters, and always took care and caution in investigating his own volatile stories. Despite announcing that Afghanistan was far too dangerous a place to go, he went to Karachi in Pakistan to investigate a link between an Islamic militant leader and the so-called ‘shoe bomber,’ who had been caught mid-flight trying to blow up a transatlantic flight in mid-air. Kidnapped in a restaurant after having been lured there by Islamic jihad terrorists, and despite numerous international appeals, had his throat slit and head severed shortly after videos were released of him in captivity. His wife was 7 month’s pregnant with their first child when he was executed, and had offered to exchange her life for his. Inner: Lively personality, offbeat sense of humor, well-liked by everyone, with an excellent facility for humanizing complex situations. Specifically searched out murky stories in order to clarify them. Self-sacrificing lifetime of once again offering himself up to his violent times in the pursuit of tell-tale truths. Ernie Pyle (Ernest Taylor Pyle) (1900-1945) - American war correspondent. Outer: Parents were farmers. Studied journalism at Indiana University, then left school in his senior year to become a correspondent at a small-town newspaper. 5’8” and never more than 110 lbs. Shy from childhood on, but always extremely well-liked. Married Geraldine Siebolds, a civil service worker, in 1925, and the duo pursued a bohemian lifestyle. Took a 9000 miles trip around America, ending in NYC, where he worked at the copy desk of 2 newspapers, before becoming aviation editor for the Scripps-Howard chain. Based himself in Washington, where he became managing editor of the Washington Daily News in 1932, then worked as a roving assignment reporter for the Scripps-Howard newspaper chain, doing 6 syndicated columns a week. Appeared in more than 200 newspapers prior to WW II, focusing on human interest stories, written with a lighthearted self-deprecating tone. His wife became subject to fits of depression, with alcohol, amphetamine and sedative use, while his own health suffered from heavy smoking and an anemic condition. Went to England in 1940, but returned the following year after a suicide attempt by his spouse. Sought treatment for impotence, then divorced his wife in 1942, and placed her in a sanitarium. Remarried her by proxy in 1943, while becoming one of America’s best-loved reporters during WW II for personalizing the action, as he followed the American troops through North Africa, Sicily, Italy and France. Greatly admired the grunts at the front, employing a low-key prose to limn their G.I. Joe fortitude and their direct experience. Landed at Normandy on D-Day, as his wife attempted suicide once again. Won a Pulitzer Prize in 1944 for international reporting, as well as numerous other awards. While covering the war in the Pacific, he was killed by Japanese machine-gun fire, with a single shot to the left temple just 2 weeks before the end of the war in Europe. His death was headline news around the country, and 7 months later, his wife died of uremic poisoning. Inner: Highly likable, good-humored, given to melancholy, strong identification with ordinariness. His spouse probably acted out his unintegrated interior and draw towards self-destruction. Front-line lifetime of serving as a voice for the unheralded, while dealing with his own demons via his desire for close proximity with the madness of wars, both internally and externally fought. Louis Blanc (1811-1882) - French journalist and political philosopher. Outer: Of Italian heritage on his maternal side. Father was a bureaucrat, serving as the inspector-general of finance in Madrid at the time of his birth. Unable to secure familial financial support for his studies, he lived in poverty in Paris, while pursuing law, and writing for various journals. Saw that his writing served him best, and soon pursued it full-time. Founded his own “Revue de progres,” where he outlined his view of political his/story. Laid society’s ills to its competitive nature, which rewards the strongest and most aggressive, and shoves the weakest aside. As an antidote, he called for a social restructuring that worked towards a common good, rather than a me-first mentality, and coined the utilitarian phrase, “from each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.” Propounded a cooperative society, and in 1841 published a his/story of the 1830s, attacking the Louis-Philippe (Boris Yeltsin) monarchy that had ushered in the decade. Followed that up with a his/story of the French Revolution, and in 1848, during the continent-wide revolutionary upheavals, found himself a member of the provisional government. Failed to have his recommendation for a ministry of labor enacted, but his theoretical expertise in the field led to an appointment as head of the government labor commission. Unlike his fellow revolutionaries, he saw government as a needed means of support, rather than the problem, particularly if workers were to be given the funded start they needed to implement their collective workshops. A rival, however, was given the official position to implement his ideas and deliberately failed to do so, so that the government could ultimately suppress the whole movement, and then have him questioned by the public-at-large for raising false hopes. Almost killed by the national guard in the angry aftermath of the failed revolution, and, with considerable difficulty, he escaped to Belgium under false papers. Wound up in London, while a special tribunal condemned him to deportation in absentia. Vigorously protested his treatment via articles sent to a Parisian review, which would later form the basis for another book. Able to complete his 13 volume his/story of the French Revolution while in London, thanks to the wealth of material at the British Museum, and, along with other French exiles, he was active in an offshoot masonic organization. Married Chrstina Groh in 1865. As a longtime anti-imperialist who opposed the reinstitution of the Napoleonic empire, he had to wait until the fall of Napoleon III (Darryl F. Zanuck) in 1871, before he could finally return to France after over two decades of exile. Despite his advanced age, he served as a private in the national guard on his return in the aftermath of the bloody end of the Second Empire, and in 1871, he was elected to the National Assembly. Despite his leftist sentiments, he did not support the latest manifestation of the Paris Commune, which would end as violently as its predecessor, and instead, served as a voice of republican moderation. His wife died in 1876, and later in the decade, he called for the abolition of both the presidency and Senate, which was ignored, but his proposal for amnesty for the Communards was carried. Descended at the end of his life into ill health, and after his death was given a state funeral. Later proved to be an abiding influence on the development of socialism in Germany. Inner: Highly cerebral, and perfervid in his views, which strongly colored them, robbing them of their objectivity, and making his his/stories into polemics, rather than recordings. Idealistic lifetime of relooking at his previous go-round from the distance of his/story, while finding his true power and metier in the pen, which he would continue to pursue as a confirmed egalitarian in his next go-round in this series. Louis Philippe II, duc d’Orleans (1747-1793) - French nobleman and revolutionary. Known as “Philippe Égalité.” Outer: Descendant of the Bourbon kings of France, as a cadet branch of the ruling family. Great-grandson of Philippe II, duc d’Orleans (Boris Yeltsin). Son of a nobleman and solder of the ducal Orleans family, while his mother, Louise Henriette de Bourbon-Conti (Diana Mitford) was illegitimately descended from Louis XIV (Charles de Gaulle) and Francoise de Montespan (Catherine Deneuve) and a notorious debauchee herself. Serially inherited several ducdoms, and in 1769, he married the daughter and heiress of one of France’s richest nobles, as well as a great-granddaughter of Philippe II, duc d’Orleans. 5 children from the union, including Louis-Philippe (Boris Yeltsin), who would eventually succeed to the throne of France the next century. Disconnected form his wife, he took on his children’s governess, Stephanie de Genlis (Jessica Mitford), as his mistress, to the scandal of everyone at court. A libertine cut very much in the mold of his great-grandfather, he squandered much of the wealth he had inherited and married into, while being viewed askance by both the king and queen, Louis XVI (Lex Barker) and Marie Antoinette (Lana Turner), with the latter harboring a particular hatred for him, which was reciprocated. Did nothing to augment his reputation while serving in battle in 1778, and lost his military position on charges of cowardice and incompetence, which was spurred by the queen’s desire to see him degraded. Given an honorary post afterwards, and became a confirmed anglophile, visiting Britain often, and becoming a close confidante of the future George IV (Warren Beatty), a confirmed hedonist like himself. Succeeded his sire as duke d’Orleans in 1785. Lined the gardens of his Palais Royal with shops, in order to try to recoup his fortune, and they subsequently became gathering places for the disaffected citizenry of Paris. Also used his large fortune to help the poor, which made him an extremely popular figure with the underclasses. Identified with their demands and became a leader of the noble element in the precursor days of the French Revolution, while virtually inventing the idea of the political campaign, through pamphlets, propaganda, and strong financial backing, in order to make them read and heard. Became a deputy to the States-General, and served as one of the liberal nobles who joined the lesser class’s third estate, while he was suspected of having fantasies of replacing the king and becoming a constitutional monarch. This stance gradually eroded his position with royalists and republicans alike. Blamed for virtually every early uprising, he went to England for 9 months in the early stages of the Revolution, then returned and dropped his title to become Citizen Égalité. Largely apolitical afterwards, to the point of even trying to reconcile with the court, but was rejected by them. Helped save some noble fugitives, at great risk to himself, and in 1792, he was made the last deputy for Paris to the National Convention. Sided with the Montagnards, and voted for the king’s execution, although played no further part in the Revolution. After his eldest son and heir deserted to the Austrians, he was arrested, then tried and executed the same day, meeting his death with great courage. Ultimately lent his house name, Orleanist, to the constitutional monarchy movement of the 19th century. Inner: Despite his libidinous ways, quiet and thoughtful, and a genuine believer in democratic republicanism. Libertine and libertarian lifetime of trying to change things from the top, only to fall victim to his longtime predilection for martyred endings.

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PATHWAY OF THE JOURNALIST AS ACTIVIST CONTROVERSIALIST:
Storyline: The acute Cassandra uses her well-honed perceptivity to continually serve as a shock doctrine icon of warning over the excesses of the business, social and political worlds in which she finds herself to varying degrees of personal growth and regression.
Naomi Klein (1970) - Canadian journalist. Outer: Of Jewish descent. From an activist family for several generations. Her grandfather was a Marxist and animator at Disney Studios who led the first strike there, and was promptly fired and blacklisted. His brother moved permanently to the Soviet Union following the Bolshevik revolution. Her parents were American lefties and activists who moved to Canada in the late 1960s, so that her father could avoid the draft. Her mother Bonnie Sherr Klein became a documentary filmmaker, and an anti-pornography crusader, while her sire was a pediatrician in a public hospital. One older brother, who became an economist. Despite growing up in a lively politically aware house, she was embarrassed by her Birkenstock-clad mother and her anti-pornography stances, and in reaction, became bulimic as a teenager, while also dipping into dope and drink as a means of rebellion, escape and distancing herself emotionally from her family. At 17, her mother had a life-threatening stroke, which proved a tonic to her, and she took a year off from school in order to take care of her, and heal the wounds of her childhood. Went to the Univ. of Toronto, afterwards, where she studied English and philosophy and was editor-in-chief of the student newspaper. The wanton murder of 14 female students by a madman at the Univ. of Montreal in 1989, politicized her, since the nature of the crime was pure hatred of women. Became an anti-discrimination activist and stopped school to work as a journalist intern, before serving as an editor of a leftist Toronto publication for nearly two years. On her return to school, she noticed an added intrusiveness of advertising in everyone’s lives, which led her to research her first book over the next 4 years, traveling around the world to do so. The product of her reassessment of her product-oriented culture, published in 2000, was No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies, which would become the bible of the anti-globalization movement, with its premise that as marketing budgets grow, companies seek cheaper employees elsewhere to compensate, thereby cheapening the whole process of brand awareness. The book became an international bestseller and was translated into 28 languages, while launching her as a major social critic. Got a teaching position at the London School of Economics at century’s turn, and then became a columnist for various progressive publications, including The Nation and The Guardian. Married journalist Avi Lewis, a fellow Canadian from a longtime progressive family and together they made The Take, about a group of Argentine factory workers who take over closed plants and reopen them as worker’s collectives. One daughter from the union. In 2007, she published her third book, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism, which would send her to the forefront once again of the analysands of the world’s various business psychoses, with her premise that catastrophe is so good for big business that it is actively pursued. An extremely popular speaker, she remains a voice to be listened to, as an enormously influential scribe with an eagle eye for large social and economic patterns, and the ability to clearly limn them on paper, for one and all to digest. Inner: Her mother would initially serve as an emblem of her previous go-round in this series, as an obsessive crusader, allowing her to distance herself from that self-destructive stance, and then re-embrace it from a more accepting and loving place. Big picture lifetime of seeing the patterns of contemporary social and economic culture, and dealing with them in perceptive and polished manner, without the self-defeating over-the-top crusader zeal she had earlier exhibited. Dorothy Thompson (1893-1961) - American journalist. Outer: Father was an impoverished Methodist minister, who spent his career being shunted around the suburbs of Buffalo. Adored both her parents, and was devastated by the loss of her mother, who died from a botched abortion when she was 7. After her sire remarried, she despised her stepmother. Shone in school, while finding books a perfect escape from her tense home life, while her family dealt with their poverty with a proud humility. Went to the Lewis Institute in Chicago, then, as a scholarship student, got her B.A. in English from Syracuse Univ. in 1914, while becoming very active in the woman’s suffrage movement. Afterwards she worked in the Buffalo area for the movement, and from 1917 to 1920, she labored with the Social Unit, an urban philanthropic project in both Cincinnati and NY. Afterwards, she traveled in search of material for articles and wrote freelance foreign correspondence in Europe, before settling in Vienna as a correspondent for a Philadelphia paper, giving her access to numerous European leaders for interview purposes. While there, in 1922, she married a Hungarian journalist, Josef Bard. The duo were divorced 5 years later, thanks to his infidelities and her skepticism about the combustibility of sex and love. Subsequently, she became the first woman to head a major foreign news bureau, when she was posted to Berlin. In 1928, she married writer Sinclair Lewis (David Foster Wallace), in what would prove to be a contentious, competitive relationship, where he took more and more to the bottle to escape her, while she accused him of being a vampire, after initially seeing him as lonely, unhappy and helpless. One son from the union, whom she largely ignored in favor of her career, and he, in turn, became an alcoholic, philanderer and sometime actor. Separated from the women’s movement, finding it irrelevant in her married life, and returned to America with her increasingly alcoholic spouse. Bought a 300 acre farm in Vermont, with a pair of century-old farmhouses, and their subsequent relationship would be rife with separations, reconciliations and recriminations. Continued as a freelance journalist and lecturer, while traveling frequently in Europe. Interviewed Nazi dictator Adolf Hitler just before his party ascended to power and immediately saw through him, before being deported from Germany for her criticisms of the Nazi party, which would become an obsession of hers. After a couple of desultory affairs, she fell deeply in love with a writer, Christa Winsloe, and the two women had an idyll, living together in Italy for a while. Had a three times a week column in the NY Herald Tribune from 1936 to 1941, called “On the Record,” which made her famous. Also had a monthly column for the Ladies Home Journal and broadcast weekly network-radio commentaries, to be a ubiquitous voice of the 1930s. Wound up employing 3 secretaries to answer her huge volume of mail and had an all-male brain trust, while constantly entertaining, so as to feel at the center of things. Used her platform to attack Nazi policies, and became, in the process, the most powerful woman in America. Ultimately was dropped by the Republican Tribune, when she used her column to support a third term for Pres. Franklin Roosevelt, although she continued it elsewhere. Divorced Lewis in 1942, after leaving him for good in 1937, and married Maxim Kopf, a Czech refugee and painter, who divorced his wife in order to wed her, in what would prove a happy final union. Following WW II, she became involved in Middle Eastern issues, but her popularity declined because of her neutral stand around the founding of Israel, as well as her wish to understand Germany, when everyone else just wanted to condemn the country. Soon found herself the butt of her peer’s jokes for her increasing shrillness, as a Cassandra who could no longer even see herself. In later years, she sponsored many philanthropies, but by the mid-1950s, her power and influence had completely ebbed. After her third husband died in 1958, she went into a prolonged period of grief, and ultimately died alone in a Lisbon hotel room of a heart ailment. Inner: Nonreligiously evangelical, continually championing causes from women’s rights to anti-totalitarianism. High energy with excellent foresight, although her crusader sensibilities ultimately blunted her effectiveness by making her more and more shrill. Extremely outspoken and aggressive, as well as domineering, obsessive and magnetically mesmerizing. Woman on a mission lifetime of using the media to extend her sense of personal power, and experiencing, through it, both the intoxicating rise and devastating fall of being a public personality serially listened intently to and then deliberately ignored. Anna Doyle Wheeler (1785-c1850) - Irish journalist. Outer: Father was a Church of Ireland cleric, who died when she was young. Youngest of 3 children. Raised afterwards by an an uncle who was a general, and later governor of Guernsey in the Channel Islands. Had no formal education, but learned French, geography and reading and writing on her own, while growing up in a politically aware household. Married at the age of 15 to Francis Massey Wheeler, a young heir and alcoholic, who both abused and neglected her. Two daughters from the union, including novelist Rosina, who unhappily married writer Edward Bulwer-Lytton (David Foster Wallace). Escaped from her own oppressive marriage through books, with a particular love for the French philosophers and the works of Mary Wollstonecroft (Margaret Sanger). Eventually separated from her husband when she was 27, and returned to her uncle’s house. While there, she met assorted dignitaries and heads of state, which widened her view of the world considerably. When her spouse died in 1820, she was left completely impoverished, save for a minimal allowance from her family, as well as the support of friends. Did translations of French philosophers into English, while living on the move, in London, Dublin, Caen and Paris. As such, she became a feminist evangelical of sorts, spreading the gospel of the burgeoning movement. Used London as her base, where she met and became involved with a progressive group of social utilitarians and birth control proponents, including William Thompson, to whom she was particularly close. In 1823, she moved to France, and became a translator of utopian Charles Fourier. When philosopher James Mill (Christopher Hitchens) dismissed women’s political rights in 1819, her reaction inspired the tract written by Thompson, by which she would be best known, “Appeal of One Half of the Human Race, Women, Against the Pretensions of the Other Half, Men, to Retain them in Political, and Hence in Civil and Domestic, Slavery.” Lost her oldest daughter in 1825, which threw her into her work even more vehemently. A staunch activist for women’s political rights, she became a feminist public speaker, calling for a national system of equal education for both genders. Moved back to France in the early 1830s, and joined a collective of women who were connected to the Tribune des femmes, which would become her writing outlet. Devastated by the death of William Thompson, she was eventually forced to withdraw from public life in 1840 because of ill health, although maintained her contacts until life’s end via correspondence. Her date of death remains unrecorded as one final testament to the invisibility of women at the time, despite their early clarion calls to be otherwise. Inner: Cerebral and well-spoken, with a great desire to change the world, and strong motivation through her own experiences to do so. Activist lifetime of getting a taste of her coming power, as a victim of the second class status of the second sex of her time.

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